Volumes 7 and 8 of the Handbook were published in 1977. In Volume 7 methods for studying unconditioned and conditioned behavior were reviewed. Attention was given to both ethological methods and operant conditioning techniques as applied to some selected aspects of behavior. Genetic, developmental, and environmental factors influencing behavior were also discussed. In Volume 8, neurotransmitter systems, and in par ticular brain circuits, were discussed in relation to behavior and to the effects of psychoactive drugs on behavior. The coverage was not exhaus tive because of space limitations. The topics selected for review were, at the time, the focus of considerable experimental effort; they included homeostasis-motivated behaviors: sleep, locomotion, feeding, drinking, and sexual behavior. Brain dopamine systems were therefore discussed in depth, since they were already known to be centrally involved in motivated behaviors. Learning mechanisms and emotion were reviewed in the remaining chapters. In 1984 we initiated an update of behavioral pharmacology to review areas of progress within the same scope as the earlier volumes. This update continues in Volume 19. Among the contributions are several that represent important advances in analyzing behavior and the use of more sophisticated methods to define the effect of drugs on particular aspects of behavior. The chapters by Blundell on feeding and Miczek on aggres sion illustrate the sophistication of modern ethopharmacology.

This fourth edition of Autonomic Failure (now available in paperback) covers the many recent advances made in our understanding of the autonomic nervous system. There are 20 new chapters and extensive revisions of all other contributions. Autonomic failure, fourth edition makes diagnosis increasingly precise by fully evaluating the underlying anatomical and functional deficits, thereby allowing more effective treatment. This new edition continues to provide practitioners from a variety of fields, including neurology, cardiology, geriatric medicine, diabetology, and internal medicine, with a rational guide to aid in the recognition and management of autonomic disorders. The book starts with an updated classification of autonomic disorders and a history of the autonomic nervous system. The first two sections of the book deal with the fundamental aspects of autonomic structure, function, and integration. There are new chapters dealing with neurobiology, nerve growth factors, genetic mutations, neural and hormonal control of the cerebral circulation, innervation of the lung, and pathophysiological mechanisms causing nausea and vomiting. Advances in the clinical management of autonomic disorders are critically dependent on the bridge made between the basic and applied sciences.

Annotation. Violence: directly or indirectly, we are its victims every day. For some people, that means locking doors and windows and turning on porch lights at night; for others, escape is more difficult. In their streets, neighborhoods, and even their homes, violence is a constant threat. The result: a diminished quality of life lived in fear. Violence is everywhere. If we escape its touch ourselves, we are continually bombarded with violent acts and their consequences in the guise of entertainment - in books, movies, and television - or in the daily news. Yet the news media cover only the most sensational crimes, the tip of the massive iceberg of violent crime in America. This coverage, which in some cities includes record-setting garish yearly body counts, tells us - and the rest of the world - that American society is exceedingly dangerous. But how violent are we? How do we measure violence in America, and how many violent crimes, in families and otherwise, go unreported? Are we becoming more violent? What can we do to find the answers to these and countless other questions? Violence has been the subject of a considerable amount of research, but often in unconnected areas or in response to specific violent events, such as assassinations or riots. In Understanding and Preventing Violence, a panel of experts assimilate the diverse research on the patterns and characteristics of violent behavior in the United States, including behaviors that have only recently been recognized as crimes - such as incest and spousal and elder abuse - and search for explanations and ways of altering these patterns and trends. The book describes what we know about certain types of violence, details insights into riskfactors for violence in individuals and situations, and recommends new research efforts with short- and long-term payoffs. Recognizing that our understanding of the causes of violence is limited and that there is a shortage.