A closed-form equation is derived for stagnation point reentry radiative heat transfer accounting for the combined effects of radiative cooling and nongray self-absorption within the shock layer. The equation can be applied for both continuum and atomic line radiation. In addition, the equation is shown to agree favorably with existing numerical data for stagnation point, continuum radiative heat transfer for a wide variety of conditions. Also, the equation is shown to apply to the end-wall radiative heat transfer behind a strong reflected shock wave in a shock tube. Finally, the equation provides a rapid means of obtaining, by hand, reasonably accurate engineering estimates for reentry radiative heat transfer including shock layer radiative cooling and nongray self-absorption.

Fire safety is a major concern in many industries, particularly as there have been significant increases in recent years in the quantities of hazardous materials in process, storage or transport. Plants are becoming larger and are often situated in or close to densely populated areas, and the hazards are continually highlighted with incidents such as the fires and explosions at the Piper Alpha oil and gas platform, and the Enschede firework factory. As a result, greater attention than ever before is now being given to the evaluation and control of these hazards. In a comprehensive treatment of the subject unavailable elsewhere, this book describes in detail the applications of hazard and risk analysis to fire safety, going on to develop and apply quantification methods. It also gives an explanation in quantitative terms of improvements in fire safety in association with the costs that are expended in their achievement. Furthermore, a quantitative approach is applied to major fire and explosion disasters to demonstrate crucial faults and events. Featuring: Full international coverage and a review of several major fires and explosion disasters. Presentation of the properties and science of fire including the latest research. Detailed coverage of the performance of fire safety measures. This is an essential book for practitioners in fire safety engineering, loss prevention professionals, technical personnel in insurance companies as well as academics involved in fire science and postgraduate students. This book is also a useful reference for fire safety officers, building designers, engineers in the process industries, safety practitioners and risk assessment consultants.