Alkaline elements are present in large quantities and in different forms in the Earth’s layers. They are widely used in the manufacture of materials showing interesting physical properties that can be applied in several fields, including catalysis, biology, energy, and others. This book describes different methods of synthesis and treatment of certain alkaline materials and their applications in different fields. It discusses alkaline chemistry in catalysis, biology, polymers and composites, and crystallography.

The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics in pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors.

New crystalline materials (organic, inorganic, hybrid) are promising for various applications, including electrical, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, magnetic, and catalytic processes. In addition, given their remarkable structural richness, these materials exhibit several interesting physical properties, such as ionic conduction, ion exchange, and others. Crystal growth, morphology, and grain size are factors influencing these physical properties. This book examines methods of synthesis of the most common crystalline materials and describes nucleation and crystal growth of various materials.

Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science.

Encyclopedia of the Alkaline Earth Compounds is a compilation describing the physical and chemical properties of all of the alkaline earth compounds that have been elucidated to date in the scientific literature. These compounds are used in applications such as LEDs and electronic devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. Preparation methods for each compound are presented to show which techniques have been successful. Structures and phase diagrams are presented where applicable to aid in understanding the complexities of the topics discussed. With concise descriptions presenting the chemical, physical and electrical properties of any given compound, this subject matter will serve as an introduction to the field. This compendium is vital for students and scientific researchers in all fields of scientific endeavors, including non-chemists. 2013 Honorable Mention in Chemistry & Physics from the Association of American Publishers' PROSE Awards Presents a systematic coverage of all known alkaline earth inorganic compounds and their properties Provides a clear, consistent presentation based on groups facilitatating easy comparisons Includes the structure of all the compounds in high quality full-color graphics Summarizes all currently known properties of the transition metals compounds Lists the uses and applications of these compounds in electronics, energy, and catalysis

Explains the characteristics of alkali metals, where they are found, how they are used by humans, and their relationship to other elements found in the periodic table.

A review and discussion of new knowledge on the structure and function of mammalian alkaline phosphatases (APs) gained over the last 25 years. It covers: * The structure, regulation and expression of the AP genes * The three-dimensional structure of APs and mutagenesis work that further defined the structural/functional domains of the isozymes * The phenotypic abnormalities of the different AP knockout mice * Our current understanding of the in vivo role of the AP isozymes. The book also describes the possible use of APs as therapeutic agents and therapeutic targets and the many uses of these enzymes in clinical medicine and in biotechnology.

What can be done about the major concerns of our Global Economy on energy, global warming, sustainable development, user-friendly processes, and green chemistry? Here is an important contribution to the mastering of these phenomena today. Written by Joseph Davidovits, the inventor and founder of geopolymer science, it is an introduction to the subject for the newcomers, students, engineers and professionals. You will find science, chemistry, formulas and very practical information (including patents' excerpts) covering: - The mineral polymer concept: silicones and geopolymers, - Macromolecular structure of natural silicates and aluminosilicates, - Scientific Tools, X-rays, FTIR, NMR, - The synthesis of mineral geopolymers, Poly(siloxonate) and polysilicate, soluble silicate, Chemistry of (Na, K)oligo-sialates: hydrous alumino-silicate gels and zeolites, Kaolinite / Hydrosodalite-based geopolymer, Metakaolin MK-750-based geopolymer, Calcium-based geopolymer, Rock-based geopolymer, Silica-based geopolymer, Fly ash-based geopolymer, Phosphate-based geopolymer, Organic-mineral geopolymer, - Properties: physical, chemical and long-term durability, - Applications: Quality controls, Development of user-friendly systems, Castable geopolymer, industrial and decorative applications, Geopolymer / fiber composites, Foamed geopolymer, Geopolymers in ceramic processing, Manufacture of geopolymer cement, Geopolymer concrete, Geopolymers in toxic and radioactive waste management. It is a textbook, a reference book instead of being a collection of scientific papers. Each chapter is followed by a bibliography of the relevant published literature including 75 patents, 120 tables, 360 figures, 550references, 700 authors cited, representing the most up to date contributions of the scientific community. The industrial applications of geopolymers with engineering procedures and design of processes are also covered in this book.

Hydrides: Types, Bonds and Applications first proposes metal hydrides as a fascinating class of compounds due to the small mass and size of hydrogen. Its medium electronegativity causes a large flexibility in terms of metal-ligand interactions, resulting in a vast variety of possible compositions, chemical bonding, crystal structures and physical properties. However, numerous unsolved problems remain on our way towards a sustainable, carbon free energy system based on renewable energy and on hydrogen as a future energy carrier. Thus, the authors present the structural details of alkali, alkali earth based selected tetra-boro hydrides. Selected hydrides have recently been suggested for applications in optoelectronics and as solid electrolytes for battery applications. Their use in optoelectronic devices depends on their stability with respect to doping, solubility of shallow donors and acceptors, electrical and optical properties. The authors describe the nature of the bonding in hydrides, and show how these affect the properties of these materials, focussing on application in the energy storage and in the transportation sector. Next, the features of gas discharge and plasma sources based on Penning trap with metal hydride cathodes are presented. In such devices, metal hydrides fulfill the functions of both a cathode and the solid-state generator of working gas. The authors determine that hydrogen desorbed from metal hydride significantly changes the properties of the discharge. This is expressed, for example, in the fact that the plasma source based on Penning trap with metal hydride cathode appears to generate current-compensated ion beams with the ability to control the energy of the extracted ions. Lastly, the book discusses metal hydrides obtaining in sintered electrodes of nickel-cadmium batteries with electrochemical methods by the way of electrolyte decomposition onto hydrogen and oxygen. It was shown that as a result of electrolyte decomposition, oxygen releases from batteries, while hydrogen partly releases and is partly (in virtue of its high diffusion permeability) accumulated in sintered matrices of electrodes of nickel-cadmium batteries in the metal hydrides form.