Since its discovery in early 1900, turbulence has been an interesting and complex area of study. Written by international experts, Air Pollution and Turbulence: Modeling and Applications presents advanced techniques for modeling turbulence, with a special focus on air pollution applications, including pollutant dispersion and inverse problems. The

The study of turbulence in the atmosphere has seen considerable progress in the last decade. To put it briefly: boundary-layer meteorology, the branch of atmospheric science that concentrates on turbulence in the lower atmosphere, has moved from the surface layer into the boundary layer itself. The progress has been made on all fronts: theoretical, numerical and observational. On the other hand, air pollution modeling has not seen such a rapid evolution. It has not benefited as much as it should have from the increasing knowledge in the field of atmospheric turbulence. Air pollution modeling is still in many ways based on observations and theories of the surface layer only. This book aims to bring the reader up to date on recent advances in boundary-layer meteorology and to pave the path for applications in air pollution dispersion problems. The text originates from the material presented during a short course on Atmospheric Turbulence and Air Pollution Modeling held in The Hague during September 1981. This course was sponsored and organized by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, xi xii PREFACE to which both editors are affiliated. The Netherlands Government Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection and the Council of Europe also gave support.

Based on his over forty years of research and teaching, John C. Wyngaard's textbook is an excellent up-to-date introduction to turbulence in the atmosphere and in engineering flows for advanced students, and a reference work for researchers in the atmospheric sciences. Part I introduces the concepts and equations of turbulence. It includes a rigorous introduction to the principal types of numerical modeling of turbulent flows. Part II describes turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Part III covers the foundations of the statistical representation of turbulence and includes illustrative examples of stochastic problems that can be solved analytically. The book treats atmospheric and engineering turbulence in a unified way, gives clear explanation of the fundamental concepts of modeling turbulence, and has an up-to-date treatment of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer. Student exercises are included at the ends of chapters, and worked solutions are available online for use by course instructors.

The book gives a comprehensive and lucid account of the science of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). There is an emphasis on the application of the ABL to numerical modelling of the climate. The book comprises nine chapters, several appendices (data tables, information sources, physical constants) and an extensive reference list. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, with chapters 2 and 3 dealing with the development of mean and turbulence equations, and the many scaling laws and theories that are the cornerstone of any serious ABL treatment. Modelling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, and chapters 4 and 5 deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention to both dry and wet land surfaces and sea. The structure of the clear-sky, thermally stratified ABL is treated in chapter 6, including the convective and stable cases over homogeneous land, the marine ABL and the internal boundary layer at the coastline. Chapter 7 then extends the discussion to the cloudy ABL. This is seen as particularly relevant, since the extensive stratocumulus regions over the subtropical oceans and stratus regions over the Arctic are now identified as key players in the climate system. Finally, chapters 8 and 9 bring much of the book's material together in a discussion of appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate simulation.

A quantitative introduction to atmospheric science for students and professionals who want to understand and apply basic meteorological concepts but who are not ready for calculus.

The first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates, suitable for students and researchers alike.

Finishing this book is giving me a mixture of relief, satisfaction and frus tration. Relief, for the completion of a project that has taken too many of my evenings and weekends and that, in the last several months, has become almost an obsession. Satisfaction, for the optimistic feeling that this book, in spite of its many shortcomings and imbalances, will be of some help to the air pollution scientific community. Frustration, for the impossibility of incorporating newly available material that would require another major review of several key chap ters - an effort that is currently beyond my energies but not beyond my desires. The first canovaccio of this book came out in 1980 when I was invited by Computational Mechanics in the United Kingdom to give my first Air Pollution Modeling course. The course material, in the form of transparencies, expanded, year after year, thus providing a growing working basis. In 1985, the ECC Joint Research Center in Ispra, Italy, asked me to prepare a critical survey of mathe matical models of atmospheric pollution, transport and deposition. This support gave me the opportunity to prepare a sort of "first draft" of the book, which I expanded in the following years.

Written by a recognized expert in the field, this clearly presented, well-illustrated book provides both advanced level students and professionals with an authoritative, thorough presentation of the characteristics, including advantages and limitations, of telescopes and spectrographic instruments used by astronomers of today. - Written by a recognized expert in the field - Provides both advanced level students and professionals with an authoritative, thorough presentation of the characteristics, including advantages and limitations, of telescopes and spectrographic instruments used by astronomers of today

Jets and plumes are shear flows produced by momentum and buoyancy forces. Examples include smokestack emissions, fires and volcano eruptions, deep sea vents, thermals, sewage discharges, thermal effluents from power stations, and ocean dumping of sludge. Knowledge of turbulent mixing by jets and plumes is important for environmental control, impact and risk assessment. Turbulent Jets and Plumes introduces the fundamental concepts and develops a Lagrangian approach to model these shear flows. This theme persists throughout the text, starting from simple cases and building towards the practically important case of a turbulent buoyant jet in a density-stratified crossflow. Basic ideas are illustrated by ample use of flow visualization using the laser-induced fluorescence technique. The text includes many illustrative worked examples, comparisons of model predictions with laboratory and field data, and classroom tested problems. An interactive PC-based virtual-reality modelling software (VISJET) is also provided. Engineering and science students, researchers and practitioners may use the book both as an introduction to the subject and as a reference in hydraulics and environmental fluid mechanics.

"Air Pollution and Plant Life" - Ein idealer Studienbegleiter zu Lehrveranstaltungen in den Bereichen Umwelt- und Pflanzenwissenschaft. Jetzt neu in der 2. Auflage. Dieser Band bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die direkten und indirekten Auswirkungen der Luftverschmutzung auf die Pflanzenwelt und ihre Folgen für die allgemeine pflanzliche Produktivität. Untersucht werden verschiedene Schadstoffe, wie z.B. Oxidantien, Stickstoffoxide, Schwefeloxide, Fluoride und Feststoffteilchen, Schadstoffquellen sowie die Aufnahme und Speicherung einzelner Schadstoffe durch die Pflanzen. Darüber hinaus werden die aktuellen Richtlinien zur Luftqualität und deren Rolle in der Umweltpolitik umfassend erläutert. "Air Pollution and Plant Life" ist aber nicht nur ein wichtiges Lehrbuch für Studienanfänger und fortgeschrittene Studenten, sondern auch ein ideales Nachschlagewerk für Forscher in diesem Bereich.