The food industry is a notoriously complex economic sector that has not received the attention it deserves within legal scholarship. Production and distribution of food is complex because of its polycentric character (as it operates at the intersection of different public policies) and its dynamic evolution and transformation in the last few decades (from technological and governance perspectives). This volume introduces the global value chain approach as a useful way to analyse competition law and applies it to the operations of food chains and the challenges of their regulation. Together, the chapters not only provide a comprehensive mapping of a vast comparative field, but also shed light on the intricacies of the various policies and legal fields in operation. The book offers a conceptual and theoretical framework for competition authorities, companies and academics, and fills a massive gap in the competition policy literature dealing with global value chains and food.

The competitive examinations have become a routine procedure of recruitment and admissions for higher position and education. Now-a-days a large number of short/objective type questions appear in the examination. These questions call for quick answering for success within a specified short period of time. A sincere effort has been made by the authors to present them in most easy, short and understandable language for the benefit, students, farmers and those who are interested in agriculture and agricultural extension. “Indira’s Objective Agricultural Extension” for competitive exams in agricultural extension discipline contain 15 chapters covering all related discipline. The chapters included such as: Introduction, historical perspective in relation to agriculture and extension, extension principles, approaches and programming, extension education, teaching and methods, extension learning and evaluation, communication and communication technology, audio - visual aids, innovation, evaluation and adoption, participatory rural appraisal, rural development and panchayati raj, economic principle, sociology and social work, training manual, agricultural statistics and appendix. This book has given due importance and whole syllabus was covered as per UGC, ICAR and SAU’s programmes in relation to agriculture extension. Each chapters contains multiple choice questions and total about 9000 objective questions with multiple choice have been framed and arranged sequentially for the easy understanding of the students. Recent information and development in the field of agriculture extension have been incorporated in the text. This book is primarily intended to serve as a appearing in competitive examinations of undergraduate, post graduate and doctorate programmes in agricultural extension of various universities. Thus this book is based on the syllabus of student of agriculture stream, it may be useful not only to students but also teachers, researchers as well as extension workers. The chapters are chosen in view to cover the course contents of competitive examinations like IAS, IFS, ARS, PCS, Banking, SAU’s, UGC and to get admissions in various degree programmes of SAU’s and other universities. This book will fulfill the requirement of students of agriculture and agricultural extension stream for appearing in different competitive examinations.

The sharp fluctuations in food price inflation at a time of great uncertainty about the economic outlook have raised questions about the functioning of the European food supply chain. While the observed changes in food prices in EU Member States can be linked to developments in the global demand and supply for agricultural commodities, inefficiencies in the functioning of the food supply chain, in terms of competition and regulation, may have played an important role as well. In particular, an analysis of the transmission mechanisms linking agricultural commodity prices with producer and consumer prices shows that the shock caused by the upsurge in agricultural commodities and energy prices in the second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008 was absorbed differently across EU Member States. Crosscountry differences in the regulatory framework appear to have contributed to this fragmentation of the European Single Market. Moreover, there are indications of differences in the conditions of competition across Member States. Finally, consolidation is taking place throughout the food supply chain. While such consolidation can lead to efficiency gains, it may also worsen the conditions of competition to the detriment of consumers and businesses. Keywords: Food, regulation, market structure, competition, pricing. -- (provided by publisher).