The dental research is in a stage of rapid development and growth which focussing on pain alleviation and defect restoration in patients applying technological advancements. These include protocol optimisations to benefit the end user, innovation of new biomaterials and further exploration of stem cells for advancing techniques in tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry. This book, a compilation of recent advances in dental science gathered from the vast experiences of researchers in the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, would hopefully inspire interest in those who wish to venture further in these fields of research.

The most important objective of this book is to serve as a guide to undergraduate, postgraduate students and researchers in using SPSS and G*Power software in their various applied researches, especially in health research area. Almost all applied researches need a basic, moderate and advanced statistical analysis in their research project. This book provides sample size calculations required according to the study design and step-by-step analysis using SPSS as well as the result presentation for obtained output. This book aims to assist students in making good presentations and conclusions based on the results obtained and provides valuable information in statistical methods in applied research.

Current research on health, nutrition, and preventative care will always be in demand. As the battles against ailments such as diabetes and heart disease continue, medical professionals are seeking to create a healthier society through nutrition and dietary-based tactics. Nutraceutical and Functional Foods in Disease Prevention is a comprehensive publication providing current research on the dynamic fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical science in relation to nutrition. This book examines the interactions and associations between nutritive value and its therapeutic applications in human health. Touching on topics such as the impact of probiotics in human health and disease treatment, recent trends in functional foods for obesity management, and the clinical role of antioxidants in the treatment of diseases, this title proves a valuable resource for academicians, healthcare practitioners, medical researchers, and higher education students preparing for careers as health professionals.

Advanced statistics using SPSS for Windows is becoming very popular nowadays, especially among researchers. Discovering the method and techniques will enhance the basic concept and techniques among undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and lecturers. The procedures within this book indirectly assist researchers in obtaining high quality research output. This book also emphasizes on the advanced statistical analysis step-by-step, so that readers can easily follow the procedure and minimize mistakes when conducting the analysis. All procedures have been summarized in the form of screenshots with a step-by-step guide to ensure that all readers can easily understand the process and the right procedure. This special book presents topics on ANOVA, ANCOVA, MANOVA, MANCOVA, repeated measure ANOVA, two way repeated measure ANOVA, repeated measure ANCOVA, linear mixed model, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, multiple response analysis, multinomial regression, and ordinal regression. In conclusion, this book is suitable as a reference in advanced analysis. Throughout these advanced techniques, we hope that the research agenda will be more fruitful and achieve high standard quality.

Issues in Discovery, Experimental, and Laboratory Medicine: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Discovery, Experimental, and Laboratory Medicine. The editors have built Issues in Discovery, Experimental, and Laboratory Medicine: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Discovery, Experimental, and Laboratory Medicine in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Discovery, Experimental, and Laboratory Medicine: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Formulating a precise hypothesis is essential for any research study, particularly those in clinical or non-clinical domain. The hypothesis offers a distinct direction for successfully accomplishing a meaningful investigation project. The aim of this book is to provide a fundamental overview of the process involved in formulating a hypothesis for a particular case study. The discussion is divided into six chapters, each structured according to the most commonly used research analysis selection method. This book serves as a guide to researchers in developing research questions and objectives tailored to their research needs. It assists students and researchers in understanding the fundamental concept and sharing the proper method for data analysis. Presented in simple language and clear approach, this book proves to be a great reference for those who are embarking on their research journey, even for beginners. Brief samples of hypothesis are also provided as a guide for new researchers. We aspire for this book to aid in the creation of robust research projects and offer valuable insights into statistical methods in applied research, among other aspects.

Designing a good proposal and writing an excellent thesis are essential in conducting research. The ideal way for conducting research starts with good research planning and design, followed by collecting, analysing, interpreting and presenting the findings. Learning, understanding and applying the scientific methods and statistical analysis has become a necessary skill in every discipline, especially in health sciences. Using appropriate strategies for research proposals and thesis writing, researchers may produce significant and systematic research findings, with increased reliability of publication results. This book assists students and researchers to understand the fundamental concepts and shares the proper methods for proposal preparation and thesis writing. This book is a straight form of reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students to prepare proposals and thesis writing and those involved in research. It gives a clear picture for new researchers to properly prepare the proposals and thesis writing. This book is written in a simple language that is easy for readers to understand. Besides that, this book also gives a few text examples of a thesis as a guide for new researchers. Hopefully, this book will help students and researchers in making good proposals and thesis writing based on the results obtained and provide valuable information in applied research.

What is the minimum sample size required in my study? How do we select a sample? This book was prepared based on the basic and important questions which are commonly voice out by the undergraduate or postgraduate students and research officers. With the best solution, this book will help them in managing their dilemma in determining the accurate sample size and selection sampling method before commencing any applied research. Sample size determination for each study design is discussed in a simple yet compact way by using a free and readily downloaded software, Power and Sample software. Suitable to those who want a quick revision, this book is the best help among all as it is also comes with example of studies. Sampling methods and summary of data analysis are also being included to fulfill the purpose in conducting the research. The best part of this book is it provides interesting illustrated presentation in some chapters that made this handy book more irresistible to read.

Counselling intervention is a strategy and technique introduced by the counsellors to help the clients to deal with various issues and to move toward the goal. Recently, emotional and feeling issues are often faced by clients regardless of age, status, culture, or religion. Various strategies and techniques have been implemented in counselling sessions to help improve the clients' orientation to the environment and to help them move into action. However, there is a new interest in the professional counselling community requiring counsellors to provide evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to clients, families, and administrators. Information on the effectiveness of the intervention allows the clients, families, and administrators to continue treatment with confidence and trust in the treatment the clients receives from the counsellors. For this purpose, the single-subject research design (SSRD) approach is widely used in evidence-based practice in counselling and conducting research. SSRD has been described as any research involving one subject or one group that is treated as a single entity. The essence of single-subject design is using repeated measurements to understand an individual's variability to determine what are the effects of the treatment. The SSRD approach can assist counsellors in preparing evidence-based practice and scientifically conducted reports on the effectiveness of interventions and determining which treatment procedures result in the most effective and efficient emotional change. This book discusses various cases of emotional issues and techniques carried out by counsellors in counselling sessions. Details on the implementation of counselling strategies and techniques for each case are discussed in each chapter of this book. Therefore, this book is suitable for reference by undergraduate and postgraduate students in counselling, psychology, nursing, social work, pharmacy, and other areas in the helping professions.

From cloud computing to data analytics, society stores vast supplies of information through wireless networks and mobile computing. As organizations are becoming increasingly more wireless, ensuring the security and seamless function of electronic gadgets while creating a strong network is imperative. Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Network Architecture, Mobile Computing, and Data Analytics highlights the challenges associated with creating a strong network architecture in a perpetually online society. Readers will learn various methods in building a seamless mobile computing option and the most effective means of analyzing big data. This book is an important resource for information technology professionals, software developers, data analysts, graduate-level students, researchers, computer engineers, and IT specialists seeking modern information on emerging methods in data mining, information technology, and wireless networks.