Germanium is an elemental semiconductor, which played an important role in the birth of the semiconductor but soon was replaced with silicon. However, germanium is poised to make a remarkable comeback in the semiconductor industry. With this increasing attention, this book describes the fundamental aspects of germanium and its applications. The contributing authors are experts in their field with great in-depth knowledge. The authors strongly feel that this contribution might be of interest to readers and help to expand the scope of their knowledge.

Germanium is a semiconductor material that formed the basis for the development of transistor technology. Although the breakthrough of planar technology and integrated circuits put silicon in the foreground, in recent years there has been a renewed interest in germanium, which has been triggered by its strong potential for deep submicron (sub 45 nm) technologies. Germanium-Based technologies: From Materials to Devices is the first book to provide a broad, in-depth coverage of the field, including recent advances in Ge-technology and the fundamentals in material science, device physics and semiconductor processing. The contributing authors are international experts with a world-wide recognition and involved in the leading research in the field. The book also covers applications and the use of Ge for optoelectronics, detectors and solar cells. An ideal reference work for students and scientists working in the field of physics of semiconductor devices and materials, as well as for engineers in research centres and industry. Both the newcomer and the expert should benefit from this unique book. - State-of-the-art information available for the first time as an all-in-source - Extensive reference list making it an indispensable reference book - Broad coverage from fundamental aspects up to industrial applications

Through detailed case studies of the most important advanced material creations of the latter 20th and early 21st century, the author explores the role of the field of advanced materials in the technological and economic activity today, with implications to the innovation process in general. A comprehensive study that encompasses the three major categories of advanced material technologies, i.e., Structural Materials (metals and polymers), Functional Materials (transistor, microchip and semiconductor laser) and Hybrid and New Forms of Matter (liquid crystals and nanomaterials). Extensive use of primary sources, including unpublished interviews with the scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs on the front lines of advanced materials creation Original approach to case study narrative, emphasizing interaction between the advanced material process, perceived risk and directing and accelerating breakthrough technology

This book presents the latest developments in semiconducting materials and devices, providing up-to-date information on the science, processes, and applications in the field. A wide range of topics are covered, including optoelectronic devices, metal–semiconductor junctions, heterojunctions, MISFETs, LEDs, semiconductor lasers, photodiodes, switching diodes, tunnel diodes, Gunn diodes, solar cells, varactor diodes, IMPATT diodes, and advanced semiconductors. Detailed attention is paid to advanced and futuristic materials. In addition, clear explanations are provided of, for example, electron theories, high-field effects, the Hall effect, transit-time effects, drift and diffusion, breakdown mechanisms, equilibrium and transient conditions, switching, and biasing. The book is designed to meet the needs of undergraduate engineering students and will also be very useful for postgraduate students; it will assist in preparation for examinations at colleges and universities and for other examinations in engineering. Practice questions are therefore presented in both essay and multiple choice format, and many solved examples and unsolved problems are included.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This book provides a unique review of various aspects of metallic contamination in Si and Ge-based semiconductors. It discusses all of the important metals including their origin during crystal and/or device manufacturing, their fundamental properties, their characterization techniques and their impact on electrical devices’ performance. Several control and possible gettering approaches are addressed. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers and engineers studying advanced and state-of-the-art micro- and nano-electronic semiconductor devices and circuits. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, it combines perspectives from e.g. material science, defect engineering, device processing, defect and device characterization, and device physics and engineering.

Germanium is an elemental semiconductor, which played an important role in the birth of the semiconductor but soon was replaced with silicon. However, germanium is poised to make a remarkable comeback in the semiconductor industry. With this increasing attention, this book describes the fundamental aspects of germanium and its applications. The contributing authors are experts in their field with great in-depth knowledge. The authors strongly feel that this contribution might be of interest to readers and help to expand the scope of their knowledge.

The principal aim of this NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) "Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Applications in Sensor, Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Technology" was to present a contemporary overview of the field of nanostructured and advanced electronic materials. Nanotechnology is an emerging scientific field receiving significant worldwide attention. On a nanometer scale, materials or structures may possess new and unique physical properties. Some of these are now known to the scientific community, but there may well be many properties not yet known to us, rendering it as a fascinating area of research and a suitable subject for a NATO ASI. Yet another aspect of the field is the possibility for creating meta-stable phases with unconventional properties and the ultra-miniaturization of current devices, sensors, and machines. Such nanotechnological and related advanced materials have an extremely wide range of potential applications, viz. nanoscale electronics, sensors, optoelectronics, photonics, nano-biological systems, na- medicine, energy storage systems, etc. This is a wide-ranging subject area and therefore requires the formation of multi-disciplinary teams of physicists, chemists, materials scientists, engineers, molecular biologists, pharmacologists, and others to work together on the synthesis and processing of materials and structures, the understanding of their physical properties, the design and fabrication of devices, etc. Hence, in formulating our ASI, we adopted an int- disciplinary approach, bringing together recognised experts in the various fields while retaining a level of treatment accessible to those active in specific individual areas of research and development.

New Materials and Devices for 5G Applications and Beyond focuses on the materials, device architectures and enabling integration schemes for 5G applications and emerging technologies. It gives a comprehensive overview of the trade-offs, challenges and unique properties of novel upcoming technologies. Starting from the application side and its requirements, the book examines different technologies under consideration for the different functions, both more conventional to exploratory, and within this context the book provides guidance to the reader on how to possibly optimize the system for a particular application. This book aims at guiding the reader through the technologies required to enable 5G applications, with the main focus on mm-wave frequencies, up to THz. New Materials and Devises for 5G Applications and Beyond is suitable for industrial researchers and development engineers, and researchers in materials science, device engineering and circuit design. - Reviews challenges and emerging opportunities for materials, devices, and integration to enable 5G technologies - Includes discussion of technologies such as RF-MEMs, RF FINFETs, and transistors based on current and emerging materials (InP, GaN, etc.) - Focuses on mm-wave frequencies up to the terahertz regime