Conflicts 41 Research Papers Relating To Current Environmental Problems Caused By Industrial Pollution And Then Possible Remedies. Useful For Students/Teachers And Researchers In The Field Of Environmental Science.

This monograph on chemical treatment is one of a series of eight on innovative site and waste remediation technologies that are the culmination of a multi organization effort involving more than 100 experts over a two year period. It provides the experienced, practicing professional guidance on the application of innovative processes considered ready for full-scale application. Other monographs in this series address bioremediation, soil washing/soil flushing, solvent chemical extraction, stabilization/ solidifica tion, thermal desorption, thermal destruction, and vacuum vapor extraction. 7. 7 Chemical Treatment The term chemical treatment, as used in this monograph, refers to the use of reagents to destroy or chemically modify target contaminants by means other than pyrolysis or combustion. The monograph addresses processes that chemically treat contaminated soils, groundwaters, surface waters, and, to a limited extent, concentrated contaminants. Chemical treatment is a means of converting hazardous constituents into less environmentally ob jectionable forms in order to meet treatment objectives. This monograph addresses substitution, oxidation, and chemical precipi tation processes. It addresses processes within these classes that are suffi ciently advanced for full-scale application. There are a number of emerging technologies within these classes that are in the research or an early devel opment stage, not yet ready for full-scale application, that appear to be very promising technologically. Six such technologies are briefly addressed in Appendix A.

The capital and regeneration costs of activated carbon and ion exchange media suggest that better process economics may be achieved with disposable sorbents for the treatment of metals-contaminated water and waste streams. An extensive literature search was conducted to identify potentially inexpensive sorbents that could be disposed, rather than regenerated, after use. The literature indicates that many materials with this potential are readily available, either as process by-products or in their natural form. The most promising sorbents identified in this literature search will be tested at bench scale with synthetic metal solutions.