Computer vision - ECCV'94. -- v. 1

The derivation, exposition, and justification of the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention. Although William James declared in 1890, "Everyone knows what attention is," today there are many different and sometimes opposing views on the subject. This fragmented theoretical landscape may be because most of the theories and models of attention offer explanations in natural language or in a pictorial manner rather than providing a quantitative and unambiguous statement of the theory. They focus on the manifestations of attention instead of its rationale. In this book, John Tsotsos develops a formal model of visual attention with the goal of providing a theoretical explanation for why humans (and animals) must have the capacity to attend. He takes a unique approach to the theory, using the full breadth of the language of computation—rather than simply the language of mathematics—as the formal means of description. The result, the Selective Tuning model of vision and attention, explains attentive behavior in humans and provides a foundation for building computer systems that see with human-like characteristics. The overarching conclusion is that human vision is based on a general purpose processor that can be dynamically tuned to the task and the scene viewed on a moment-by-moment basis. Tsotsos offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of attention theories and models and a full description of the Selective Tuning model, confining the formal elements to two chapters and two appendixes. The text is accompanied by more than 100 illustrations in black and white and color; additional color illustrations and movies are available on the book's Web site.

Attention has represented a core scienti?c topic in the design of AI-enabled systems in the last few decades. Today, in the ongoing debate, design, and c- putationalmodelingofarti?cialcognitivesystems,attentionhasgainedacentral position as a focus of research. For instance, attentional methods are considered in investigating the interfacing of sensory and cognitive information processing, for the organization of behaviors, and for the understanding of individual and social cognition in infant development. Whilevisualcognitionplaysacentralroleinhumanperception,?ndingsfrom neuroscience and experimental psychology have provided strong evidence about the perception–action nature of cognition. The embodied nature of senso- motor intelligence requires a continuous and focused interplay between the c- trolofmotoractivitiesandtheinterpretationoffeedbackfromperceptualmod- ities. Decision making about the selection of information from the incoming sensory stream – in tune with contextual processing on a current task and an agent’s global objectives – becomes a further challenging issue in attentional control. Attention must operate at interfaces between a bottom-up-driven world interpretationandtop-down-driveninformationselection,thusactingatthecore of arti?cial cognitive systems. These insights have already induced changes in AI-related disciplines, such as the design of behavior-based robot control and the computational modeling of animats. Today, the development of enabling technologiessuch as autonomous robotic systems,miniaturizedmobile–evenwearable–sensors,andambientintelligence systems involves the real-time analysis of enormous quantities of data. These data have to be processed in an intelligent way to provide “on time delivery” of the required relevant information. Knowledge has to be applied about what needs to be attended to, and when, and what to do in a meaningful sequence, in correspondence with visual feedback.

This book is the result of a special workshop on Spatial Computing which brought together experts in computer vision, visualization, multimedia and geographic information systems to discuss common problems and applications. The common theme of the workshop was the need to integrate human perception and domain knowledge with developing representations and solutions to problems which necessarily involve the interpretation of sensed data. The overwhelming conclusion was that these different areas of spatial computing should be communicating more than is done at present and that such workshops and publications would help this process.

A unique multidisciplinary perspective on the problem of visual object categorization.

The eight-volume set comprising LNCS volumes 9905-9912 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2016, held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in October 2016. The 415 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1480 submissions. The papers cover all aspects of computer vision and pattern recognition such as 3D computer vision; computational photography, sensing and display; face and gesture; low-level vision and image processing; motion and tracking; optimization methods; physics-based vision, photometry and shape-from-X; recognition: detection, categorization, indexing, matching; segmentation, grouping and shape representation; statistical methods and learning; video: events, activities and surveillance; applications. They are organized in topical sections on detection, recognition and retrieval; scene understanding; optimization; image and video processing; learning; action, activity and tracking; 3D; and 9 poster sessions.

Robotics is a highly interdisciplinary research topic, that requires integration of methods for mechanics, control engineering, signal processing, planning, gra- ics, human-computer interaction, real-time systems, applied mathematics, and software engineering to enable construction of fully operational systems. The diversity of topics needed to design, implement, and deploy such systems implies that it is almost impossible for individual teams to provide the needed critical mass for such endeavors. To facilitate interaction and progress on sensor-based intelligent robotics inter-disciplinary workshops are necessary through which - depthdiscussioncanbeusedforcrossdisseminationbetweendi?erentdisciplines. The Dagstuhl foundation has organized a number of workshops on Mod- ing and Integration of Sensor Based Intelligent Robot Systems. The Dagstuhl seminars take place over a full week in a beautiful setting in the Saarland in Germany. The setting provides an ideal environment for in-depth presentations and rich interaction between the participants. This volume contains papers presented during the fourth workshop held - tober 15–20, 2000. All papers were submitted by workshop attendees, and were reviewed by at least one reviewer. We wish to thank all of the reviewers for their invaluable help in making this a high-quality selection of papers. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Schloss Dagstuhl Foundation and the sta? at Springer-Verlag. Without their support the production of this volume would not have been possible.

Computer Vision has now reached a level of maturity that allows us not only to perform research on individual methods but also to build fully integrated computer vision systems of a signi cant complexity. This opens up a number of new problems related to architectures, systems integration, validation of - stems using benchmarking techniques, and so on. So far, the majority of vision conferences have focused on component technologies, which has motivated the organization of the First International Conference on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS). It is our hope that the conference will allow us not only to see a number of interesting new vision techniques and systems but hopefully also to de ne the research issues that need to be addressed to pave the way for more wide-scale use of computer vision in a diverse set of real-world applications. ICVS is organized as a single-track conference consisting of high-quality, p- viously unpublished, contributed papers on new and original research on c- puter vision systems. All contributions will be presented orally. A total of 65 papers were submitted for consideration by the conference. All papers were - viewed by three reviewers from the program committee. Thirty-two of the papers were selected for presentation. ICVS’99 is being held at the Alfredo Kraus Auditorium and Convention Centre, in Las Palmas, on the lovely Canary Islands, Spain. The setting is spri- like, which seems only appropriate as the basis for a new conference.

Physics-Based Deformable Models presents a systematic physics-based framework for modeling rigid, articulated, and deformable objects, their interactions with the physical world, and the estimate of their shape and motion from visual data. This book presents a large variety of methods and associated experiments in computer vision, graphics and medical imaging that help the reader better to understand the presented material. In addition, special emphasis has been given to the development of techniques with interactive or close to real-time performance. Physics-Based Deformable Models is suitable as a secondary text for graduate level courses in Computer Graphics, Computational Physics, Computer Vision, Medical Imaging, and Biomedical Engineering. In addition, this book is appropriate as a reference for researchers and practitioners in the above-mentioned fields.