PR: the date at which the first public reimbursement of the new drug is recorded in the formularies of each federal, provincial, and territorial drug program. [...] For the purposes of this report, the global development time for new medicines is assumed to be a function of factors outside of Canada's control; therefore, the time associated with this segment is presented for completeness but is not the focus of the main policy discussion in this paper, nor is it part of the overall wait time for access to new medicines measured here. [...] In Canada, the time patients spend waiting for government approval of a new drug is measured from the date the drug manufacturer's application for approval is recorded or filed in the Central Registry (CR) of Health Canada's Therapeutic Products Director- ate (TPD) or Biologics and Genetics Therapies Directorate (BGTD) following the comple- tion of clinical testing. [...] Since 2004, the equivalent authority to approve pharmaceutical and biological medicines in the United States has fallen under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), with the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), a part of the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA). [...] The delay in this segment is measured from the date at which Health Canada issues a NOC for a new drug to the date at which the first public reimbursement (PR) of the same drug is recorded in the formularies of each federal, provincial, and territorial drug program.

Contracts can be your first line of defense against delays. But they have tobe drafted very carefully. Construction Delay Claims gives youan in-depth analysis of all the pertinent clauses and details what they canand can't do to minimize delays and avoid litigation.Construction Delay Claims, Fourth Edition, by Barry B. Brambleand Michael T. Callahan is written for everyone involved with delay and impactconstruction claims--the most common form of disputes in the constructionindustry. You'll find that this resource presents the most thorough, detailedreview of delay claims liability available, including a complete descriptionof the entire process for filing and pursuing claims along with more than1,950 cases and analyses.Construction Delay Claims gives you the information you need todetermine your best course of action. The book presents detailed knowledgedrawn from the authors' thirty-five years of experience in the industry.You'll learn how to anticipate delays and mitigate damages through the use ofadvanced planning and immediate responses by the parties involved. You'll alsoreceive helpful instructions about the best use of construction schedules toavert delays, or to prove their impact if they do occur.Construction Delay Claims keeps you completely up-to-date withthe changes in the construction industry, and the construction litigationprocess. Coverage includes:Effective ways to challenge a claimant's use of the Total Cost Method ofCalculationThe effectiveness of "no damages for delay" clausesThe use of ADR methods to resolve delay claimsThe meaning and implication of concurrent delaysCumulative impact effect of multiple change ordersThe impact and probability of delays in design-build, construction management,and multiple prime contractingLatest research into the effect and measurement of lost productivityThe most recent assessments of how states are applying the Eichleayformula

Addressing the subject from the library perspective while taking a realistic view of corporate interests, Crawford presents a coherent review of what open access is & what it may become.

Two developments in recent years have converged to dramatically alter most conceptions of the teaching and learning process. First, technology has become increasingly interactive and distributed, such that individual learners have available the means to participate in incredibly complex networks of information, resources, and instruction. As these technological advancements facilitate interaction across classroom, university, and worldwide learning communities in both real-time and delayed formats, various instructional design and implementation problems spring forth. Second, the conventional teacher-centered model wherein knowledge is transmitted from the teacher to the learner is being replaced by social constructivist and learner-centered models of instruction. These new learner-centered models place emphasis on guiding and supporting students as they meaningfully construct their understanding of various cultures and communities. As a consequence of these developments, teachers need guidelines from educational researchers about integrating collaboration and communication tools into their classrooms. This volume presents research on such collaborative technology as it facilitates, augments, and redefines academic learning environments. The studies illustrate how schools, teachers, and students are discovering, employing, and modifying the numerous new computer conferencing and collaborating writing tasks and tools, and their effects on social interaction and resulting student learning. Documentation is given that will help teachers to make decisions that productively transform learning environments. Three key objectives underlie this volume: *to discover some of the electronic collaboration tools and formats currently employed by teachers in schools and universities and to situate these within a five-level taxonomy of computer conferencing and collaborative writing tools and approaches; *to examine some of the sociocultural learning variables embedded in the use of electronic collaborative tools and approaches; and *to participate in a dialogue about the importance of student electronic social interaction and dialogue from a sociocultural perspective. This is a must-read volume for all researchers, scholars, graduate students, and practitioners interested in such fields as sociocultural theory, process writing, cooperative learning, learner-centeredness, distance education, peer conferencing and tutoring, mentoring, electronic collaboration, problem- and project-based learning, collaborative writing, and educational reform.

The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.