This primer presents a systematic introduction to the structure of Modern Standard Hindi. It is intended to provide the student with a thorough foundation in the grammatical structure of that variety of Hindi that is commonly taught in Indian schools and that is the common vehicle of publication in Hindi. Although much emphasis is placed on the written language, discussion is also provided of aspects of conversational Hindi. The core of the work contains thirty on chapters. The first four offer discussions of the linguistic status of Hindi as well as comprehensive descriptions of Hindi phonetics and the Devanagari syllabary in which Hindi is written. Chapters 5 through 31 each contains descriptions of fundamental aspects of Hindi grammar. These chapters have extensive translation and grammatical exercises appended to them. The work as a whole introduces a core vocabulary of approximately fifteen hundred entries, incorporating lexical items found on most standard elementary word lists for the language. Supplemental materials in this book include graded reading passages, a guide to further study in Hindi, and Hindi English glossary. Although the Devanagari syllabary is used throughout the book, Roman transliteration is also provided through Chapter 15. A Primer of Modern Standard Hindi can be used in several different ways. It can be used as part of a university-level course as a text for Hindi grammar and writing. As such it will nicely supplement other materials addressing more conversational aspects of the language. It can also be used for self-study purposes by the student who does not have access to a formal instructional program.

As the title indicates, the thesis is concerned with the establishment and cultivation of modern standard Hindi (KhB.) in Mauritius. It treats, by way of background, the history and nature of Indian immigration to Mauritius in the 19th century and the spread and development of the Indian community there. The linguistic and cultural position of the immigrants is considered in detail. Against this background the introduction and establishment of KhB. is investigated, initially up to 1935, having particular regard to educational and religious developments, especially the opening of schools, the visits of M.K.Gandhi and M.Doctor, the foundation of the Arya Samaj, its linguistic and missionary activity and the reaction it provoked among orthodox Hindus. Account is also taken of the various individuals in Mauritius who were instrumental in effecting its establishment. The period 1935-1950 is then examined in detail and attention paid to the personalities, institutions and processes which were responsible for the further cultivation of KhB. especially the Hindi Pracarint Sabha (H.P.S.), B. Bissoondoyal and the effect of Government policy towards oriental languages. A similar examination is made of the period 1950 to the present day where particular attention is paid to the Arya Samaj, the H.P.S., the Mahatma Gandhi Institute, the Hindi Lekhak Sangh, the Parisad, the Hindi film, the role of broadcasting, and Government educational policies. A substantial section of the thesis is devoted to a critical survey of the entire corpus of Mauritian Hindi literature treated by genre: drama, poetry, essay and general works, the short story and the novel. Finally some assessment is offered of the present position of Hindi in multilingual Mauritius. The thesis begins with an introduction which considers all previous work in the field, of which there is little, and concludes with a bibliography.

The Fictional Scene In England, Immediately After The Second World War, Makes An Interesting Reading. Many Critical Studies Have, In Great Depth, Investigated The Historical Processes To Highlight The Various Directions The Novelists Moved In Then. At The Same Time, There Was A Concurrent And A Deliberate Attempt On The Part Of These Novelists To Discard The Heritage Of Modernism. Iris Murdoch, Who Is One Of The Most Prominent Novelists Of This Period, Also Shared The Distrust Of Her Contemporaries For The So-Called Literary Radicalism. However, She Remains Distinct As A Writer Among Her Contemporaries, In Her Awareness Of The Problems Of The Novel And Language, In Her Adherence, Both To The Idealism About Human Potentiality And Perfectibility That Liberal Humanism Had Contained. But She Is Also Conscious Of The Limited Individual Capacity To Reach That Ideal. Her Creative Career Is Marked By Her Desire To Bring Back To The Novel, Some Of Its Earlier Comprehensive Vision Of Life, Society And Human Character. The Present Book Attempts To Reveal Those Important Areas Of Murdoch S Thought Which Set Her Apart From Other Novelists Writing At That Time. Her Search For Literary Metaphors Which Aim At Restoring To Novel Some Of Its Lost Moorings Is A Significant, Almost Iconoclastic Effort. Taking Help From Her Non-Fictional Treatises, An Attempt Has Been Made In This Book To Highlight The Platonic Burden Of Her Literary And Aesthetic Creed.