This book documents an understudied phenomenon in Austronesian languages, namely the existence of recurrent submorphemic sound-meaning associations of the general form -CVC. It fills a critical gap in scholarship on these languages by bringing together a large body of data in one place, and by discussing some of the theoretical issues that arise in analyzing this data. Following an introduction which presents the topic, it includes a critical review of the relevant literature over the past century, and discussions of the following: 1. problems in finding the root (the "needle in the haystack" problem), 2. root ambiguity, 3. controls on chance as an interfering factor, 4. unrecognized morphology as a possible factor in duplicating evidence, 5. the shape/structure of the root, 6. referents of roots, 7. the origin of roots, 8. the problem of distinguishing false cognates produced by convergence in root-bearing morphemes from legitimate comparisons resulting from divergent descent, and 9. the problem of explaining how submorphemes are transmitted across generations of speakers independently of the morphemes that host them. The remainder of the book consists of a list of sources for the 197 languages from which data is drawn, followed by the roots with supporting evidence, a short appendix, and references.

The Historical Dictionary of the Philippines, Third Edition contains a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and several hundred cross-referenced dictionary entries.

A Filipino-English, English-Filipino Dictionary with 11,000 entries. Classroom-tested. All 28 letters of the Alpabetong Filipino are used. Includes: basic conversation, grammar, environment, demographic data and histories of the Philippines and Filipino Americans. Ideal for school, business and travel. Hardcover edition.

A new edition of the most up-to-date and information-packed pocket dictionary available. This new edition of Collins Pocket English Dictionary retains all the key features that made its predecessors so successful: * All the entry words and spelling forms are highlighted in colour giving maximum ease of use. * Its completely up-to-date coverage of written and spoken English is based on analysis of Collins language database, the Bank of English, the largest database of the English language. * All definitions are provided in clear, no-nonsense language that makes the meanings clear. * Modern meanings are given first so it is easy to find the sense you need. But in addition, this edition brings language right up to the minute with its inclusion of the newest words on the scene. Also all the notes giving advice on puzzling or disputed points in using English have been completely revised, based on evidence from the Bank of English, to give you even more confidence in how to express yourself.