Distribution of Southern California plants. General key to families. Descriptive flora (treatment of families).

This manual is intended to facilitate the identification of vascular plants growing wild in the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The part of the United States covered extends from the Atlantic Ocean west to the western boundaries of Minnesota, Iowa, northern Missouri, and southern Illinois, south to the southern boundaries of Virginia, Kentucky, and Illinois, and south to the Missouri River in Missouri. In Canada the area covered includes Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and the parts of Quebec and Ontario lying south of the 47th parallel of latitude.

Ethnoecology has blossomed in recent years into an important science because of the realization that the vast body of knowledge contained in both indigenous and folk cultures is being rapidly lost as natural ecosystems and cultures are being destroyed by the encroachment of development. Ethnobotany and ethnozoology both began largely with direct observations about the ways in which people used plants and animals and consisted mainly of the compilation of lists. Recently, these subjects have adopted a much more scientific and quantitative methodology and have studied the ways in which people manage their environment and, as a consequence, have used a much more ecological approach. This manual of ethnobotanical methodology will become an essential tool for all ethnobiologists and ethnoecologists. It fills a significant gap in the literature and I only wish it had been available some years previously so that I could have given it to many of my students. I shall certainly recommend it to any future students who are interested in ethnoecology. I particularly like the sympathetic approach to local peoples which pervades this book. It is one which encourages the ethnobotanical work by both the local people themselves and by academically trained researchers. A study of this book will avoid many of the arrogant approaches of the past and encourage a fair deal for any group which is being studied. This manual promotes both the involvement oflocal people and the return to them of knowledge which has been studied by outsiders.

The Sixth Edition of Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology provides a modern and comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of botany while retaining the important focus of natural selection, analysis of botanical phenomena, and diversity.

This illustrated manual describes and discusses the unusually rich and varied flora of the Carolinas, from the semi-tropical coast of South Carolina to the northern forests of the high North Carolina mountains. The manual treats in detail and in a concise format more than 3, 200 species of trees, shrubs, vines, herbs and ferns that grow without cultivation in this two-state area. Special features include diagnostic illustrations, keys for identification, detailed descriptions, flowering and fruiting dates, habitat data, distribution data, and pertinent synonymy for each species. County dot maps show the distribution of each species if found in more than five counties throughout the two-state area, and general ranges beyond our borders are given in the text. First published in 1968, Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas is an established reference for professionals, students, and plant enthusiasts throughout the Southeastern United States. It is based on the collection and examination of more than 200,000 live specimens. Many of these specimens are now housed in the herbarium at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The laboratory component of General Botany provides you the opportunity to view interrelationships between and among structures, to handle live or preserved material, to become familiar with the many terms we use throughout the course, and to learn how to use a microscope properly. Each of you will have your own microscope every week, no exceptions. This laboratory is fundamental, yet integral to your understanding of General Botany. The images in your manual are intended to serve as a guide while you view permanent or prepared slides. These must be viewed by each of you independently. At no time will questions be answered re where is a particular structure, etc., unless the slide is on the stage of your microscope and in focus.The content of the laboratory is rich, as is the terminology. You must come to lab prepared. You must come to lab knowing what the various terms you are about to deal with mean. There is no such thing as finishing early that simply isn't possible.In some laboratory exercises you will be asked to identify structures of an organism. For example, Examine slide 9 labeled Rhizopus sporangia w.m. and identify the mitosporangia, mitospores, columella, mitosporangiophore, and zygotes. In all likelihood you will only be able to see mitosporangia, mitospores, columella, and mitosporangiophores. If zygotes are absent in your slide you note that the population of hyphae you are examining are only reproducing asexually. These questions are written in this manner to further fortify your understanding of the organisms in question and not to trick you. Thinking about what you are viewing is not an option but a necessity!The phylogeny we have adopted in this course is a composite. No single phylogeny best reflects our collective understanding of all the organisms included in this course so we have created one that reflects modern thought and is based on both morphological and molecular data. None is any more correct or incorrect than is any other, but this is the one that we will use, and the one we deem as most acceptable.Rest assured, much still needs to be learned about the evolution of many of the groups we will study. Regardless, the course does provide you a general overview of the evolutionary biology of these various groups. This is your starting point, it is not the endpoint!