A guide to the existence, whereabouts, contents, and other features of a major resource for historians, directories of trades and commerce in specific towns or districts. Enlarged to 2,222 entries from the 1989 edition to include directories published after 1856 and up to 1950 for England and Wales, including London; comprehensive coverage of all Scottish directories published before 1950; and miscellaneous directories of specific trades, which have not been included in previous bibliographies. A 60-page introduction traces the evolution and types of directories and discusses their use in historical studies. The 120 library collections visited are described. The indexes are arranged by publisher, place, and subject. Distributed by Books International. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

This is a comparative study of the effects of local, regional and national changes of nine parishes in the Upper Eden Valley in north Westmorland during the Victorian years. The analysis of 65,000 records from these sources has given a rare, if not unique, insight into a series of rural parishes.

The notebooks of bishops of Carlisle reveal a wealth of detail concerning clerical life at the time. The volume presents three nineteenth-century manuscripts originally created for the use of bishops of Carlisle: Walter Fletcher's "Diocesan Book", written between 1814 and 1845, and Bishop Hugh Percy's two parish notebooks, compiled between 1828 and 1855. Based on visitations, and on articles of enquiry now lost, they add to a growing body of knowledge relating to the condition of the Church in the first half of the nineteenth century, providing a unique record of livings in the Carlisle diocese prior to its expansion in 1856. In particular, they illuminate the concerns of two significant clerical figures. In 1814 the newly installed chancellor, Walter Fletcher, set about recordinghis primary visitation, updating his notes frequently until the year before his death in 1846. In 1828 the newly consecrated bishop, Hugh Percy, created his own diocesan record, utilising Fletcher's material while adding matter of his own. The popularity of Anglican ritualism since the advent of Tractarianism has made it commonplace for the Georgian Church to be viewed with a certain amount of disdain. The notebooks allow us a more objective view ofthe period. Fletcher's notes on the 130 churches he visited are particularly valuable in presenting a diligent, hard-working clergyman, loyal to the Tory high-church traditions into which he had been born, with a vision for the diocese which, above all, was one of orderliness and obedience to canon law. The documents are presented here with introduction and notes. Dr Jane Platt is an honorary researcher in history at Lancaster University.

Sir Edward Frankland was born 1824 in Lancashire Co., England He was the son of Margaret Frankland (father is unknown). In 1830, his mother Margaret married William Helm. Edward was reared and educated in Lancaster and became a well respected chemist.