First published in 2004. This set of 3 volumes collects together for the first time rare and scattered material on the history of pre-cinema. It includes articles on stereoscopic photography; the use of kaleidoscopes; optical illusions; theatre design; magic lanterns and mirrors; shadow theatre, and much more. The articles are taken from sources such as The Magazine of Science, The Art Journal, The British Journal of Photography, Scientific American, American Journal of Science and Arts, and The Mirror. Volume 1 includes the areas of Camera Obscura to Chronophotography and Optical Toys and Devices Magic Mirrors.

Covers: Movement in two dimensions.

Volume 1 of A History of Early Film begins with the period of technical invention. The story of Edison's peepshow Kinetoscope, set up in arcades from April 1894, is told by W. K. L. Dickson. 'Lantern Projection of Moving Objects' heralds the arival of the first screenings in Britain, arranged by Auguste and Louis Lumière, Robert Paul and Birt Acres, announcing the new medium as a progressive development of optical moving-image toys, magic lantern projection and the Kinetoscope. It includes an evocative selection of advertisements for the earliest films and cinematographic apparatus of 1896-7. The last part of the volume covers 1901-6 as the medium of cinema developed.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AI 2009, held in Melbourne, Australia, in December 2009. The 68 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 174 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on agents; AI applications; computer vision and image processing; data mining and statistical learning; evolutionary computing; game playing; knowledge representation and reasoning; natural language and speech processing; soft computing; and user modelling.

A director reveals the original inspirations for his films, their history, his methods of work, and the problems of visual creativity