After a phase of slow growth post Independence, the Indian economy has experienced significant changes since the mid-1980s as a result of major reforms. India’s growth story has defied established economic patterns and, in the process, created interesting paradoxes that have attracted global attention. In this new edition of A Concise Handbook of the Indian Economy in the 21st Century, select chapters from the original have been updated to present a brief but comprehensive overview of the Indian economy, contributing to a finer understanding of India’s economic development. The volume adopts a non-ideological and forward-looking approach to discuss important economic issues. It takes into account various social and political factors impacting the Indian economy, and compares the importance of external market factors with that of domestic reforms in India’s economic growth. The book aims to provide a deep understanding of the economy based on careful fact-based research, which is a pre-requisite for formulating pragmatic reforms necessary to achieve sustained and inclusive growth.

The book is a concise edition of The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Economy in the 21st Century by Ashima Goyal. Select chapters from the original have been compiled to give students of economics a brief but comprehensive overview of the Indian Economy, contributing to a finer understanding of the interactions between domestic strengths, external opportunities and government interventions. Acknowledged experts delve into the unique features of Indias growth path and bring to fore the various aspects of Indias performance that now attract global attention, such as macroeconomic policy coordination, monetary policy institutions and practices, the effect of openness and of global economic integration, poverty and the degree of inclusion, bottlenecks in infrastructure, and the performance of major sectors such as agriculture, industry and finance.

The book presents and further develops basic principles and concepts in international finance and open economy macroeconomics to make them more relevant for emerging and developing economies (EDEs). The volume emphasises the necessity of greater knowledge of context as populous Asian economies integrate with world markets, as well as the rapidly changing nature of the area due to rethinking after the global financial crisis. It addresses a host of themes, including key issues such as exchange rate economics, macroeconomic policy in an open economy, analytical frameworks for and experience of EDEs after liberalisation, the international financial system, currency and financial crises, continuing risks and regulatory response. This book will be useful to scholars and researchers of economics, especially in macroeconomics, business and finance and development studies.

The infrastructure of a country has significant effects on both the lives of its citizens and its place in international markets. As such, it is imperative to develop policies to promote the quality of a nation’s infrastructure. The Handbook of Research on Economic, Financial, and Industrial Impacts on Infrastructure Development is a pivotal reference source for the latest scholarly research on various initiatives and policies developed to enhance the current infrastructure of modern nations. Including the role of economics, finance, and multiple industry perspectives, this book covers a range of pertinent topics such as R&D initiatives, foreign direct investment, and trade liberalization, and this publication is an ideal reference source for researchers, academics, practitioners, and students interested in recent trends in infrastructure development.

It is now widely recognised that rising inequality of income and wealth on the one hand and a slowdown in the rate of economic growth on the other are two of the most important challenges faced today by the global economy as well as by most of the developing economies. This book starts by explaining how these two issues are interrelated. There is no dearth of books on the role that the economic policies of the government can play in meeting these twin challenges. The role of business managers in the private sector of the economy, however, is a relatively neglected area. This book seeks to close this gap in the literature. The central message of the book is that, contrary to popular belief, it is in the interests of private business itself that business managers take into account the effects that their decisions have on the economy as a whole. It is shown that a failure to do so would hurt their own economic prospects in both the short run and the long. Emphasis is given on the importance of an appropriate orientation of managerial decisions and on the role of investors (i.e. the suppliers of capital) in inducing managers to take socially optimal decisions. The book is addressed as much to business managers and students in management courses as to the general reader. Therefore, no prior knowledge of advanced economic theory is presumed. All arguments are built from first principles.

In terms of becoming a successful bioentrepreneur, there is still much more to learn. There are many ways to learn the essential fundamentals of entrepreneurship, including through the mistakes of previous businesses and models. Increased knowledge and a better understanding of what works can be derived from these previous failures and mistakes. Additionally, learning from other bioentrepreneurs can help businesses run successfully. By looking deeper into business models, product development, the fundamental concepts of bioentrepreneurship, and the essential characteristics of bioentrepreneurs, one can become better equipped to understand the role of biological sciences in entrepreneurship, specifically the role of product development. Bioentrepreneurship and Transferring Technology Into Product Development provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of biological sciences, specifically in transforming technology into commercial product. This book compiles the theoretical and practical aspects of bioentrepreneurship and discusses the various factors, including creating business plans, acquiring funding, and successful business models. The chapters also cover areas such as small-scale product development, intellectual property rights, funding schemes for start-ups, and new prospective biotechnology product development. This book is essential for bioentrepreneurs, entrepreneurs, product developers, scientists, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in product development from a biological science perspective.

The devastating effect of Covid19 on the Indian economy is by now well-known. The growth rate of the economy slumped to a negative figure in the year 2020-21. What is less talked about, however, is the fact that growth slowdown in India had started several years before the pandemic struck. The two questions that naturally arise are: what explains the long economic slowdown and what can be done about it. This book is an in-depth analysis of the economic slowdown in India in recent years and the reasons behind the persistent slowdown in the growth rate of the Indian economy in the 2010s, especially in the latter half of the decade. While discussing both macro- and microeconomic policies, the volume examines how the perspective on economic policy has evolved over time in consonance with experience by investigating major instances of such slowdowns in the past. Three global slowdowns (viz. the Great Depression of 1929, the stagflation induced by the oil crisis of the 1970s and the Global Financial Crisis of 2007) and the industrial deceleration in India in the late 1960s and early 1970s are discussed. The author also probes into the problems of inequality, poverty, inflation in the Indian economy pre- and post- pandemic and policies targeted towards development, manufacturing, and distribution of vaccines. The book further discusses possible economic impacts of the Ukraine War and the long-term problem of global warming. Concise and thoroughly researched, this book will be of interest to beginners, scholars, research students and teachers interested in economics, policy making and development studies.

This book systematically analyzes the economic dynamics of large emerging economies from an extended Comparative Capitalisms perspective. Coining the phrase ‘state-permeated capitalism’, the authors shift the focus of research from economic policy alone, towards the real world of corporate and state behaviour. On the basis of four empirical case studies (Brazil, India, China, South Africa), the main drivers for robust economic growth in these countries from the 2000s until the 2010s are revealed. These are found, in particular, in mutual institutional compatibilities of ‘state-permeated capitalism’, in their large domestic markets, and beneficial global economic constellations. Differences in their institutional arrangements are explored to explain why China and India have been more economically successful than Brazil and South Africa. The authors highlight substantial challenges for the stability of state-permeated capitalism and assess the potential future growth, sustainability and likely pitfalls for these large emerging economies. Opening further avenues for empirical and theoretical research, this book raises questions for the future of the global economic order and should appeal to academics, graduate students and advanced undergraduates in politics, economics, economic sociology and development studies. It should also prove a worthwhile and provocative read for development practitioners and policy-makers.

The issues that increasingly dominate the 21st century cannot be solved by any single country acting alone, no matter how powerful. To manage the global economy, prevent runaway environmental destruction, reign in nuclear proliferation, or confront other global challenges, we must cooperate. But at the same time, our tools for global policymaking - chiefly state-to-state negotiations over treaties and international institutions - have broken down. The result is gridlock, which manifests across areas via a number of common mechanisms. The rise of new powers representing a more diverse array of interests makes agreement more difficult. The problems themselves have also grown harder as global policy issues penetrate ever more deeply into core domestic concerns. Existing institutions, created for a different world, also lock-in pathological decision-making procedures and render the field ever more complex. All of these processes - in part a function of previous, successful efforts at cooperation - have led global cooperation to fail us even as we need it most. Ranging over the main areas of global concern, from security to the global economy and the environment, this book examines these mechanisms of gridlock and pathways beyond them. It is written in a highly accessible way, making it relevant not only to students of politics and international relations but also to a wider general readership.

After experiencing stagnation for much of the post-independence period, India has shown considerable dynamism in processes and outcomes since the mid-eighties. The post-reform Indian Economy has defied established economic patterns and in the process created a few paradoxes. This book aims to identify policies, institutions and incentives that have worked, and constraints that have emerged in India's growth prospects. More than underdevelopment, the book analyses the bottlenecks that emerge as change occurs, to minimize the chances of being trapped into the dated habits of thought. It takes opportunity from rapidly transforming Indian economy to analyse out-of-equilibrium behaviour and understand the dynamics of non-conventional growth path.