This problem-solving book is an introduction to the study of Diophantine equations, a class of equations in which only integer solutions are allowed. The presentation features some classical Diophantine equations, including linear, Pythagorean, and some higher degree equations, as well as exponential Diophantine equations. Many of the selected exercises and problems are original or are presented with original solutions. An Introduction to Diophantine Equations: A Problem-Based Approach is intended for undergraduates, advanced high school students and teachers, mathematical contest participants — including Olympiad and Putnam competitors — as well as readers interested in essential mathematics. The work uniquely presents unconventional and non-routine examples, ideas, and techniques.

During the early part of the last century, Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (1849-1917) raised he following problem, known as the Frobenius Problem (FP): given relatively prime positive integers a1,...,an, find the largest natural number (called the Frobenius number and denoted by g(a1,...,an) that is not representable as a nonnegative integer combination of a1,...,an, . At first glance FP may look deceptively specialized. Nevertheless it crops up again and again in the most unexpected places and has been extremely useful in investigating many different problems. A number of methods, from several areas of mathematics, have been used in the hope of finding a formula giving the Frobenius number and algorithms to calculate it. The main intention of this book is to highlight such methods, ideas, viewpoints and applications to a broader audience.

The Hardy-Littlewood method is a means of estimating the number of integer solutions of equations and was first applied to Waring's problem on representations of integers by sums of powers. This introduction to the method deals with its classical forms and outlines some of the more recent developments. Now in its second edition it has been fully updated; the author has made extensive revisions and added a new chapter to take account of major advances by Vaughan and Wooley. The reader is expected to be familiar with elementary number theory and postgraduate students should find it of great use as an advanced textbook. It will also be indispensable to all lecturers and research workers interested in number theory.

These lecture notes originate from a course delivered at the Scuola Normale in Pisa in 2006. Generally speaking, the prerequisites do not go beyond basic mathematical material and are accessible to many undergraduates. The contents mainly concern diophantine problems on affine curves, in practice describing the integer solutions of equations in two variables. This case historically suggested some major ideas for more general problems. Starting with linear and quadratic equations, the important connections with Diophantine Approximation are presented and Thue's celebrated results are proved in full detail. In later chapters more modern issues on heights of algebraic points are dealt with, and applied to a sharp quantitative treatment of the unit equation. The book also contains several supplements, hinted exercises and an appendix on recent work on heights.

A self-contained account of a new approach to the subject.

A conference on Analytic Number Theory and Diophantine Problems was held from June 24 to July 3, 1984 at the Oklahoma State University in Stillwater. The conference was funded by the National Science Foundation, the College of Arts and Sciences and the Department of Mathematics at Oklahoma State University. The papers in this volume represent only a portion of the many talks given at the conference. The principal speakers were Professors E. Bombieri, P. X. Gallagher, D. Goldfeld, S. Graham, R. Greenberg, H. Halberstam, C. Hooley, H. Iwaniec, D. J. Lewis, D. W. Masser, H. L. Montgomery, A. Selberg, and R. C. Vaughan. Of these, Professors Bombieri, Goldfeld, Masser, and Vaughan gave three lectures each, while Professor Hooley gave two. Special sessions were also held and most participants gave talks of at least twenty minutes each. Prof. P. Sarnak was unable to attend but a paper based on his intended talk is included in this volume. We take this opportunity to thank all participants for their (enthusiastic) support for the conference. Judging from the response, it was deemed a success. As for this volume, I take responsibility for any typographical errors that may occur in the final print. I also apologize for the delay (which was due to the many problems incurred while retyping all the papers). A. special thanks to Dollee Walker for retyping the papers and to Prof. W. H. Jaco for his support, encouragement and hard work in bringing the idea of the conference to fruition.

A celebration of the state of mathematics at the end of the millennium. Produced under the auspices of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), the book was born as part of the activities of World Mathematical Year 2000. It consists of 28 articles written by influential mathematicians.

This textbook presents an elementary introduction to number theory and its different aspects: approximation of real numbers, irrationality and transcendence problems, continued fractions, diophantine equations, quadratic forms, arithmetical functions and algebraic number theory. Clear, concise, and self-contained, the topics are covered in 12 chapters with more than 200 solved exercises. The textbook may be used by undergraduates and graduate students, as well as high school mathematics teachers. More generally, it will be suitable for all those who are interested in number theory, the fascinating branch of mathematics.

This book tells the story of Diophantine analysis, a subject that, owing to its thematic proximity to algebraic geometry, became fashionable in the last half century and has remained so ever since. This new treatment of the methods of Diophantus--a person whose very existence has long been doubted by most historians of mathematics--will be accessible to readers who have taken some university mathematics. It includes the elementary facts of algebraic geometry indispensable for its understanding. The heart of the book is a fascinating account of the development of Diophantine methods during the.