A Cold War Over Austria
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Author |
: Gerald Stourzh |
Publisher |
: Lexington Books |
Total Pages |
: 595 |
Release |
: 2018-11-12 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781498587877 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1498587879 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (77 Downloads) |
Synopsis A Cold War over Austria by : Gerald Stourzh
After World War II, Austria was occupied by Soviet, American, British, and French forces. This study provides the history of the treaty that was negotiated in order to end this occupation. In the Moscow Declaration of 1943, the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union had declared that Austria should be liberated from Nazi rule and reconstructed as an independent state. After the war, however, this goal was soon overshadowed by security and power considerations, and then by the Cold War. While the West strove to safeguard Austria’s independence from communist expansion, the USSR refused to finalize a treaty and to withdraw from its zone in the eastern part of the country. In the end it took until 1955 to come to an agreement and receive Soviet consent for a treaty. An important Soviet precondition for agreeing to withdraw was Austria becoming a permanently neutral country. The roots of Austria’s neutrality as traced in this volume were not only linked to Soviet, but also to Austrian considerations. Based on US, Soviet, British, French, German, Swiss and Austrian documents, the book analyzes the risks, pitfalls and blockades that had to be avoided and overcome before Austria could finally regain its independence and be reconstructed.
Author |
: Günter Bischof |
Publisher |
: Palgrave MacMillan |
Total Pages |
: 272 |
Release |
: 1999 |
ISBN-10 |
: UOM:39015050790487 |
ISBN-13 |
: |
Rating |
: 4/5 (87 Downloads) |
Synopsis Austria in the First Cold War, 1945-55 by : Günter Bischof
In the first Cold War (1945-55) the superpower struggle over the geostrategically vital and economically depressed Austria could have ended in a divided country (like in Germany), but due to shrewd Austrian diplomacy resulted in a unified and neutralized country.
Author |
: Monika Platzer |
Publisher |
: Park Publishing (WI) |
Total Pages |
: 0 |
Release |
: 2020 |
ISBN-10 |
: 3038601756 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9783038601753 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (56 Downloads) |
Synopsis Cold War and Architecture by : Monika Platzer
This book was published on the occasion of the exhibition "Cold war and architecture. Contributions to Austria's democratization after 1945", october 17, 2019-february 24, 2020 at Architekturzentrum Wien.
Author |
: G. Bischof |
Publisher |
: Springer |
Total Pages |
: 255 |
Release |
: 1999-08-12 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780230372313 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0230372317 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (13 Downloads) |
Synopsis Austria in the First Cold War, 1945-55 by : G. Bischof
At the height of the first Cold War in the early 1950s, the Western powers worried that occupied Austria might become 'Europe's Korea' and feared a Communist takeover. The Soviets exploited their occupation zone for maximum reparations. American economic aid guaranteed Austria's survival and economic reconstruction. Their military assistance turned Austria into a 'secret ally' of the West. Austrian diplomacy played a vital role in securing the Austrian treaty in bilateral negotiations with Stalin's successors in the Kremlin demonstrating the leverage of the weak in the Cold War.
Author |
: James Jay Carafano |
Publisher |
: Texas A&M University Press |
Total Pages |
: 276 |
Release |
: 2002 |
ISBN-10 |
: 1585442135 |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781585442133 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (35 Downloads) |
Synopsis Waltzing Into the Cold War by : James Jay Carafano
These halting efforts, complicated by the difficulties of managing the occupation along with Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, exacerbated an already monumental undertaking and fueled the looming Cold War confrontation between East and West.".
Author |
: Reinhold Wagnleitner |
Publisher |
: Univ of North Carolina Press |
Total Pages |
: 388 |
Release |
: 2000-11-09 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780807866139 |
ISBN-13 |
: 080786613X |
Rating |
: 4/5 (39 Downloads) |
Synopsis Coca-Colonization and the Cold War by : Reinhold Wagnleitner
Reinhold Wagnleitner argues that cultural propaganda played an enormous part in integrating Austrians and other Europeans into the American sphere during the Cold War. In Coca-Colonization and the Cold War, he shows that 'Americanization' was the result not only of market forces and consumerism but also of systematic planning on the part of the United States. Wagnleitner traces the intimate relationship between the political and economic reconstruction of a democratic Austria and the parallel process of cultural assimilation. Initially, U.S. cultural programs had been developed to impress Europeans with the achievements of American high culture. However, popular culture was more readily accepted, at least among the young, who were the primary target group of the propaganda campaign. The prevalence of Coca-Cola and rock 'n' roll are just two examples addressed by Wagnleitner. Soon, the cultural hegemony of the United States became visible in nearly all quarters of Austrian life: the press, advertising, comics, literature, education, radio, music, theater, and fashion. Hollywood proved particularly effective in spreading American cultural ideals. For Europeans, says Wagnleitner, the result was a second discovery of America. This book is a translation of the Austrian edition, published in 1991, which won the Ludwig Jedlicka Memorial Prize.
Author |
: Günter Bischof |
Publisher |
: University of New Orleans Press |
Total Pages |
: 0 |
Release |
: 2013-09-07 |
ISBN-10 |
: 160801116X |
ISBN-13 |
: 9781608011162 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (6X Downloads) |
Synopsis Austrias Intl Pos After End Cold War (Contemporary Austrian Studies, Vol 22) by : Günter Bischof
This inventive collection explores Austria's international position after the end of the Cold War. Austria joined the European Union in 1995 and aligned its foreign policy with the EU. Unlike its neighbors to the East, it did not join NATO but continued its policy of neutrality. Austria strengthened its investments in Central and Eastern Europe. Austria experienced devastating wars in its neighborhood in the Balkans and Austrian diplomats served as mediators in the region.
Author |
: Audrey Kurth Cronin |
Publisher |
: Cornell University Press |
Total Pages |
: 229 |
Release |
: 2019-01-24 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781501733888 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1501733885 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (88 Downloads) |
Synopsis Great Power Politics and the Struggle over Austria, 1945–1955 by : Audrey Kurth Cronin
By virtue of its geographical and historical position, postwar Austria was condemned to a prominent role in the plans of both the East and the West. In this account of an unusual episode in the Cold War, Audrey Kurth Cronin examines the negotiations over Austria and the Soviet Union's sudden and surprising decision to withdraw its troops and accept the country as a neutral Western state, after having rejected any settlement for eight years. Drawing on a wealth of recently declassified British and American documents and on interviews with key Austrian participants, Cronin analyzes the events leading up to the 1955 Austrian State Treaty and, in the process, strengthens our understanding of current East-West relations. Her account of the creation of a neutral state in the heart of a divided Europe will be important reading for all who are concerned with security affairs, international relations, and the history of the Cold War.
Author |
: Johanna Rainio-Niemi |
Publisher |
: Routledge |
Total Pages |
: 254 |
Release |
: 2014-02-05 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9781135042400 |
ISBN-13 |
: 1135042403 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (00 Downloads) |
Synopsis The Ideological Cold War by : Johanna Rainio-Niemi
This book opens new perspectives into the Cold War ideological confrontations. Using Austria and Finland as an example, it shows how the Cold War battles for the hearts and minds of the people also influenced policies in countries that wished to stay outside the conflict. Following the model of older European neutrals, Austria and Finland sought to combine neutrality with democracy. The combination was eagerly challenged by ideological Cold Warriors on both sides of the divide and questioned at home too. Was neutrality risking the neutrals’ commitment to democracy, or did the commitment to the western type of democracy threaten their commitment to neutrality? Confronting these doubts grew into an organic part of practicing neutrality in the Cold War world. The neutrals needed to be exceptionally clear regarding the ideological foundations of their neutrality. Successful neutrality required a great deal of conceptual consistence and domestic unanimity. None of this was pre-given in Austria or Finland. However, in the model of Switzerland and Sweden, (armed) neutrality was systematically integrated with the official state ideology and promoted as a part of national identity. Legacies of these policies outlived the end of the Cold War.
Author |
: Rolf Steininger |
Publisher |
: Berghahn Books |
Total Pages |
: 182 |
Release |
: 2012 |
ISBN-10 |
: 9780857455987 |
ISBN-13 |
: 0857455982 |
Rating |
: 4/5 (87 Downloads) |
Synopsis Austria, Germany, and the Cold War by : Rolf Steininger
In the 'Moscow Declaration' of 1943 the Allies officially propagated the notion of Austria as the first victim of Hitlerite aggression and announced their intention to set up a "free and independent Austria" after the war, which finally happened in 1955. By questioning why it took so long to get to this point, the author addresses issues such as the victim thesis, Austrians as perpetrators, Austrian anti-Semitism and official attempts to mitigate its effects after the war. He discusses the various proposals for post-war Austria and connects for the first time the issues of Anschluss, German question, Cold War, and the State Treaty. He makes it clear that the question of Austria was from the very beginning inextricably linked with the more important question of Germany.