Discover how the NG-RAN architecture is, and isn't, ready for the challenges introduced by 5G 5G Radio Access Network Architecture: The Dark Side of 5G explores foundational and advanced topics in Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture and why a re-thinking of that architecture is necessary to support new 5G requirements. The distinguished engineer and editor Sasha Sirotkin has included numerous works written by industry insiders with state of the art research at their disposal. The book explains the relevant standards and technologies from an academic perspective, but also explains why particular standards decisions were made and how a variety of NG-RAN architecture options could be deployed in real-life networks. All major standards and technologies associated with the NG-RAN architecture are discussed in this book, including 3GPP, O-RAN, Small Cell Forum, IEEE, and IETF. Readers will learn about how a re-design of the RAN architecture would ensure that 5G networks can deliver their promised throughput and low latency KPIs consistently and sustainably. The book is structured as follows: An overview of the market drivers of the NG-RAN architecture, like spectrum models, 5G-relevant regulatory considerations, and 5G radio interface technical requirements An overview of the 5G System, from the core network, to the RAN, to the radio interface protocols and physical layer, with emphasis on how these are different compared to 4G Release-15 RAN architectures defined in 3GPP, O-RAN, and Small Cell Forum RAN architecture evolution in Release-16 and Release-17 Enabling technologies, like virtualization, open source technologies, multi-access edge (MEC) computing, and operations, administration, and management (OAM) NG-RAN deployment considerations, objectives, and challenges, like costs, spectrum and radio propagation considerations, and coverage Perfect for network designers and operators who require a solid understanding of the NG-RAN architecture, 5G Radio Access Network Architecture also belongs on the bookshelves of network engineers who aim to increase their understanding of the standards and technologies relevant to the NG-RAN architecture.

C-RAN and virtualized Small Cell technology poses several major research challenges. These include dynamic resource allocation, self-configuration in the baseband pool, high latency in data transfer between radio unit and baseband unit, the cost of data delivery, high volume of data in the network, software networking aspects, potential energy savings, security concerns, privacy of user’s personal data at a remote place, limitations of virtualized environment, etc. This book provides deeper insights into the next generation RAN architecture and surveys the coexistence of SDN, C-RAN and Small Cells solutions proposed in the literature at different levels.

NG-RAN and 5G-NR describes the deployment of 5G NSA (non standalone 5G) and 5G-SA (standalone 5G). 5G-NSA deals with radio access entities. For the 5G-NSA mode, dual MR DC connectivity is based on radio measurements, allowing the master 4G base station MeNB to add or remove a secondary 5G node SgNB. This book describes the architecture of the NG radio access network and the 5G-NR radio interface according to the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) specifications. The overall architecture of the NG-RAN, including the NG, Xn and F1 interfaces and their interaction with the radio interface, are also described. The 5G-NR physical layer is mainly connected by implementing antennas, which improves transmission capacity. 5G-SA deals with the 5G Core network. In the 5G-SA model, the mobile is attached to the 5G Core network through NG-RAN. The book explains radio procedure, from switching on a device to establishing a data connection, and how this connection is maintained even if mobility is involved for both 5G-SA and 5G-NSA deployment. NG-RAN and 5G-NR is devoted to the radio access network, but mobile registration, establishment procedures and re-establishment procedures are also explained.

C-RAN and virtualized Small Cell technology poses several major research challenges. These include dynamic resource allocation, self-configuration in the baseband pool, high latency in data transfer between radio unit and baseband unit, the cost of data delivery, high volume of data in the network, software networking aspects, potential energy savings, security concerns, privacy of user’s personal data at a remote place, limitations of virtualized environment, etc. This book provides deeper insights into the next generation RAN architecture and surveys the coexistence of SDN, C-RAN and Small Cells solutions proposed in the literature at different levels.

Learn how radio access network (RAN) slicing allows 5G networks to adapt to a wide range of environments in this masterful resource Radio Access Network Slicing and Virtualization for 5G Vertical Industriesprovides readers with a comprehensive and authoritative examination of crucial topics in the field of radio access network (RAN) slicing. Learn from renowned experts as they detail how this technology supports and applies to various industrial sectors, including manufacturing, entertainment, public safety, public transport, healthcare, financial services, automotive, and energy utilities. Radio Access Network Slicing and Virtualization for 5G Vertical Industries explains how future wireless communication systems must be built to handle high degrees of heterogeneity, including different types of applications, device classes, physical environments, mobility levels, and carrier frequencies. The authors describe how RAN slicing can be utilized to adapt 5G technologies to such wide-ranging circumstances. The book covers a wide range of topics necessary to understand RAN slicing, including: Physical waveforms design Multiple service signals coexistence RAN slicing and virtualization Applications to 5G vertical industries in a variety of environments This book is perfect for telecom engineers and industry actors who wish to identify realistic and cost-effective concepts to support specific 5G verticals. It also belongs on the bookshelves of researchers, professors, doctoral, and postgraduate students who want to identify open issues and conduct further research.

Over the past few decades, wireless access networks have evolved extensively to support the tremendous growth of consumer traffic. This superlative growth of data consumption has come about due to several reasons, such as evolution of the consumer devices, the types of telephone and smartphone being used, convergence of services, digitisation of economic transactions, tele-education, telemedicine, m-commerce, virtual reality office, social media, e-governance, e-security, to name but a few.Not only has the society transformed to a digital world, but also the expectations from the services provided have increased many folds. The last mile/meters of delivery of all e-services is now required to be wireless. It has always been known that wireless links are the bottleneck to providing high data rates and high quality of service. Several wireless signalling and performance analysis techniques to overcome the hurdles of wireless channels have been developed over the last decade, and these are fuelling the evolution of 4G towards 5G. Evolution of Air Interface Towards 5G attempts to bring out some of the important developments that are contributing towards such growth.

A reliable and focused treatment of the emergent technology of fifth generation (5G) networks This book provides an understanding of the most recent developments in 5G, from both theoretical and industrial perspectives. It identifies and discusses technical challenges and recent results related to improving capacity and spectral efficiency on the radio interface side, and operations management on the core network side. It covers both existing network technologies and those currently in development in three major areas of 5G: spectrum extension, spatial spectrum utilization, and core network and network topology management. It explores new spectrum opportunities; the capability of radio access technology; and the operation of network infrastructure and heterogeneous QoE provisioning. 5G Networks: Fundamental Requirements, Enabling Technologies, and Operations Management is split into five sections: Physical Layer for 5G Radio Interface Technologies; Radio Access Technology for 5G Networks; 5G Network Interworking and Core Network Advancements; Vertical 5G Applications; and R&D and 5G Standardization. It starts by introducing emerging technologies in 5G software, hardware, and management aspects before moving on to cover waveform design for 5G and beyond; code design for multi-user MIMO; network slicing for 5G networks; machine type communication in the 5G era; provisioning unlicensed LAA interface for smart grid applications; moving toward all-IT 5G end-to-end infrastructure; and more. This valuable resource: Provides a comprehensive reference for all layers of 5G networks Focuses on fundamental issues in an easy language that is understandable by a wide audience Includes both beginner and advanced examples at the end of each section Features sections on major open research challenges 5G Networks: Fundamental Requirements, Enabling Technologies, and Operations Management is an excellent book for graduate students, academic researchers, and industry professionals, involved in 5G technology.

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Systems Architecture and Design gives a jump-start to engineers developing O-RAN hardware and software systems, providing a top-down approach to O-RAN systems design. It gives an introduction into why wireless systems look the way they do today before introducing relevant O-RAN and 3GPP standards. The remainder of the book discusses hardware and software aspects of O-RAN system design, including dimensioning and performance targets. - Presents O-RAN and 3GPP standards - Provides a top-down approach to O-RAN systems design - Includes practical examples of relevant elements of detailed hardware and software design to provide tools for development - Gives a few practical examples of where O-RAN designs play in the market and how they map to hardware and software architectures

The first book on Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RANs), covering fundamental theory, current techniques, and potential applications.

A comprehensive overview of the 5G landscape covering technology options, most likely use cases and potential system architectures.