This is the first edited volume dedicated specifically to interlanguage request modification. It is a collection of empirical studies carried out by an international array of scholars which provides insights for researchers, graduate students and language teachers on patterns of interlanguage request modification in a range of research contexts and linguistic/cultural settings. The research in this volume takes the reader from a consideration of interlanguage request modification in naturally-occurring e-mail data, through to elicited data from e-DCT questionnaires on cyber-consultations, to the interactive oral discourse of requests in open role-plays. As a whole, the contributions incorporate research with learners from a range of proficiency levels and from diverse linguistic/cultural backgrounds while the chapters individually examine developmental aspects of interlanguage request modification, requests in electronic contexts, comparative learner/native speaker requests, and instructional effects on mitigation. The book will undoubtedly become an important reference for researchers and teachers not only in the field of pragmatics but also in second language acquisition, language teaching, (socio-)linguistics and discourse analysis.

From the president of The World Uyghur Congress, a nominee by Canadian and Finish parliamentarians for the Nobel Peace Prize, 2023 Dolkun Isa was declared to be a terrorist by the Chinese Communist Party. His crime? Advocating for basic human, civil and religious freedoms for the people of East Turkestan. The country was taken over by the forces of the Chinese Communist Party in 1949. This was primarily achieved through persuasion as opposed to an armed invasion. What the leaders signed up for and were promised are why seventy years later, the Uygur people have been the subject of international headlines. Why have peaceful peoples been abused, terrorized and systematically used for slave labour and even murdered in camps by the Chinese Communist Party? In The China Freedom Trap, Dolkun Isa details his experiences working as an Uyghur political figure in the West and the barriers he has faced due to China's growing influence on liberal institutions. He describes his co-founding of the World Uyghur Congress and the ways in which China has attempted to disrupt and discredit Uyghur activism to further its agenda. Through its Transnational repression and significant influence in INTERPOL, China built a false narrative about Mr. Isa's work and life. Declaring him a separatist and terrorist, they convinced the agency to issue an INTERPOL Red Notice. That shadowed Isa for 21 years and almost cost him his life as he narrowly escaped extradition to China. During detention and deportation in democratic countries, Isa also finds himself uncovering corruption and peeling back the layers of the liberal institutions to see China at its rotting core. This book serves as a historical account of the political activities and behind-the-scenes diplomatic battles between China, the Uyghurs, and other interested or invested countries and institutions; a personal history of Isa’s struggle for the freedom of himself and his people; and ultimately, as a warning to other activists, policymakers, and interested parties: China's power and influence run more profound than most can fathom, they are growing, and they cannot be ignored.

Reviews and debates the latest theoretical approaches to evaluative morphology

Despite apparently consistent statements in 4 decades, the U.S. ¿one China¿ policy concerning Taiwan remains somewhat ambiguous and subject to different interpretations. Apart from questions about what the ¿one China¿ policy entails, issues have arisen about whether U.S. Presidents have stated clear positions and have changed or should change policy, affecting U.S. interests in security and democracy. Contents of this report: (1) U.S. Policy on ¿One China¿: Has U.S. Policy Changed?; Overview of Policy Issues; (2) Highlights of Key Statements by Washington, Beijing, and Taipei: Statements During the Admin. of Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Clinton, George W. Bush, Clinton, and Obama. A print on demand report.

This study integrates three independent subjects - translation theory, Mandarin aspect, and Greek aspect - for the purpose of formulating a working theory applicable to translating the Bible. The primary objectives are defined in terms of grammatical translation of Greek aspect into Mandarin aspect at the discourse level. A historical overview of the Chinese Bible is provided as a way of introducing major translation issues related to linguistic, conceptual, and logistical challenges. The proposed theory provides the translator with a powerful tool, which is tested in two sample passages from John 18-19 and 1 Corinthians 15. Provided, also, are critical reviews of over sixty Chinese Bible versions, Nestorian, Manichaean, Catholic documents, and a translation written according to the proposed theory.

Chinese Syntax in a Cross-linguistic Perspective collects twelve new papers that explore the syntax of Chinese in comparison with other languages.

"The authors examine the socio-cultural, cognitive-linguistic, and educational-institutional trajectories along which Chinese as a Heritage Language may be acquired, maintained and developed. It draws upon developmental psychology, functional linguistics, linguistic and cultural anthropology, discourse analysis, orthography analysis, reading research, second language acquisition, and bilingualism. This volume aims to lay a foundation for theories, models, and master scripts to be discussed, debated, and developed, and to stimulate research and enhance teaching both within and beyond Chinese language education."--BOOK JACKET.