"In this timely book, Assad Shoman applies his forensic skills to explain the Guatemalan claim to Belize. Uncovering material long-forgotten or previously unknown, Shoman helps us understand the origins of the claim and why it has proven so difficult to resolve through negotiation. It is essential reading for anyone interested in this dispute and it will figure prominently in all discussions on this issue."Victor Bulmer-Thomas, Professor Emeritus of London University, former Director of Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House)Guatemala has maintained a claim to the entire territory of Belize (formerly Britain's colony of British Honduras in Central America) since the 1940s, when it renounced an 1859 border treaty signed with Britain. All attempts to resolve the dispute by negotiations failed, and Belize became independent in 1981 with a British military force stationed there for its defence. Since independence, continuous incursions by Guatemalans have led to massive deforestation and loss of resources and has sometimes resulted in fatalities. More recently, attempts by the Guatemalan military to forcefully impose its territorial claims have heightened tensions and tested the resolve of an OAS Office stationed at the border since 2003. A referendum in Guatemala in April 2018 produced an overwhelming vote in favour of submitting the dispute to the International Court of Justice, and the referendum in Belize is due in April 2019. This book for the first time details the origins of the claim, the multiple attempts to reach a negotiated settlement from 1862 to 2007, and the effects the claim has had on both countries in the context of the Cold War and after. Throughout, the author examines the legal issues involved, making this an indispensable tool for a full understanding of one of the most intractable territorial claims in the region and for insights into how it might be resolved."Shoman's history of Guatemala's claim to Belize, which is thoroughly researched and clearly written, is suitable for a wide readership, general as well as academic. His analysis pays due attention to the global context of great power rivalries in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and especially to the crucial period of the Cold War. The author, a protagonist who was involved for decades in the negotiations he analyzes, is scrupulously fair and his insights are unique. Indeed, nobody else could have written this book. I recommend it to everyone interested in this particular case and also to those who want to know how a small country can negotiate its way to its independence against formidable odds. This will remain the definitive study and it should be widely read in Belize and elsewhere."Dr. O. Nigel Bolland, Charles A. Dana Professor of Sociology, Colgate University, New York.

For generations, scholars have imagined American puritans as religious enthusiasts, fleeing persecution, finding refuge in Massachusetts, and founding 'America'. The puritans have been read as a product of New England and the origin of American exceptionalism. This History challenges the usual understanding of American puritans, offering new ways of reading their history and their literary culture. Together, an international team of authors make clear that puritan America cannot be thought of apart from Native America, and that its literature is also grounded in Britain, Europe, North America, the Caribbean, and networks that spanned the globe. Each chapter focuses on a single place, method, idea, or context to read familiar texts anew and to introduce forgotten or neglected voices and writings. A History of American Puritan Literature is a collaborative effort to create not a singular literary history, but a series of interlocked new histories of American puritan literature.

The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.

BELIZE contains a description of a tour followed by chapters on the reefs, rain forests, and Mayan culture.Info. on its history, government, people, and problems.

There have been many great and enduring works of literature by Caribbean authors over the last century. The Caribbean Contemporary Classics collection celebrates these deep and vibrant stories, overflowing with life and acute observations about society. Set in Belize City in the early 1950s, Beka Lamb is the record of a few months in the life of Beka and her family. Beka and her friend Toycie Qualo are on the threshold of change from childhood to adulthood. Their personal struggles and tragedies play out against a backdrop of political upheaval and regeneration as the British colony of Belize gears up for universal suffrage, and progression towards independence. The politics of the colony, the influence of the mixing of races in society, and the dominating presence of the Catholic Church are woven into the fabric of the story to provide a compelling portrait, 'a loving evocation of Belizean life and landscape'. Beka's vibrant character guides us through a tumultuous period in her own life and that of her country.

Examines the economic history of the Caribbean, and is the first analysis to span the whole region.

"Accompanying interactive CD-ROM provides complementary materials on a scale never before achieved and includes comprehensive data sets, over one thousand images." -- jacket.

"An admirable contribution to the growing literature on Maya settlement research initiated by Gordon Willey in the Belize Valley in the 1950s."—Shirley B. Mock, University of Texas, San Antonio Over half a century ago, the late Gordon Willey began his research in the Belize Valley, and ten years later he published a synthesis of his data that is recognized today as a classic study of ancient Maya settlement patterns. This new volume looks at the abundant research that has taken place in the region since the 1950s (and includes a new retrospective chapter from Willey that was submitted shortly before his death in April, 2002). The Ancient Maya of the Belize Valley represents an attempt to present in one volume the extensive data from the diverse sites in this part of Mesoamerica, one of the richest archaeological areas in the Maya world. The collection provides a key to understanding the valley's ancient political and social organization by highlighting the interconnectedness of the region's settlements. Contents 1. The Archaeology of the Belize Valley in Historical Perspective, by Arlen F. Chase and James F. Garber 2. Retrospective, by Gordon R. Willey Part 1. The Central Belize Valley 3. Middle Formative Prehistory of the Central Belize Valley: An Examination of Architecture, Material Culture, and Sociopolitical Change at Blackman Eddy, by James F. Garber, Jaime J. Awe, M. Kathryn Brown, and Christopher J. Hartman 4. Archaeological Investigations at Blackman Eddy, by James F. Garber, M. Kathryn Brown, W. David Driver, David M. Glassman, Christopher J. Hartman, F. Kent Reilly III, and Lauren A. Sullivan 5. Major Center Identifiers at a Plazuela Group Near the Ancient Maya Site of Baking Pot, by James M. Conlon and Terry G. Powis 6. Ancient Maya Settlement in the Valley of Peace Area, by Lisa J. Lucero, Scott L. Fedick, Andrew Kinkella, and Sean M. Graebner Part 2. The Upper Belize Valley 7. Cahal Pech, Belize: The Middle Formative Period, by Paul F. Healy, David Cheetham, Terry G. Powis, and Jaime J. Awe 8. The Role of "Terminus Groups" in Lowland Maya Site Planning: An Example from Cahal Pech, by David Cheetham 9. Buenavista del Cayo: A Short Outline of Occupational and Cultural History at an Upper Belize Valley Regal-Ritual Center, by Joseph W. Ball and Jennifer T. Taschek 10. Xunantunich in a Belize Valley Context, by Richard M. Leventhal and Wendy Ashmore 11. The Royal Charter at Xunantunich, by Virginia M. Fields 12. Buenavista del Cayo, Cahal Pech, and Xunantunich: Three Centers, Three Histories, One Central Place, by Jennifer T. Taschek and Joseph W. Ball Part 3. The Belize Valley: Neighboring Connections 13. The Ancient Maya Center of Pacbitun, by Paul F. Healy, Bobbi Hohmann, and Terry G. Powis 14. Defining Royal Maya Burials: A Case from Pacbitun, by Paul F. Healy, Jaime J. Awe, and Hermann Helmuth 15. Integration among Communities, Centers, and Regions: The Case from El Pilar, by Anabel Ford 16. The Classic Maya Trading Port of Moho Cay, by Heather McKil lop Part 4. The Belize Valley: Intergration 17. Problems in the Definition and Interpretation of "Minor Centers" in Maya Archaeology with Reference to the Upper Belize River Valley, by Gyles Iannone 18. The Emergence of Minor Centers in the Zones between Seats of Power, by W. David Driver and James F. Garber 19. The Terminal Classic to Postclassic Transition in the Belize River Valley, by James Aimers 20. Polities, Politics, and Social Dynamics: "Contextualizing" the Archaeology of the Belize Valley and Caracol, by Arlen F. Chase 21. Diverse Voices: Toward an Understanding of Belize Valley Archaeology, by Diane Z. Chase James F. Garber is professor of anthropology and field school director at Southwest Texas State University. He is the author of Archaeology at Cerros Belize, Central America, volume 2, The Artifacts.