A description of the scientist's personal life and career.

Science International is the history of a worldwide organization of scientists, now involving thousands of participants, which was started a century ago when a few visionaries founded the International Association of Academies (1899-1919). This was succeeded by an International Research Council, which, in 1932, became the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). The initiative to have an international arena for scientists survived two global wars, as well as immense economic and social change in the twentieth century. This history describes how national academies and international unions of scientists from specific disciplines learned to work together, and shows how from these alliances sprang great co-operative projects such as the International Geophysical Year and the International Biological Programme, as well as the creation of a global scientific organization directed to the study of the entire planet and prospects for the human race.

This Compendium gives an outline of the historical, philosophical and ethical aspects of the return of cultural objects (e.g. cultural objects displaced during war or in colonial contexts), cites past and present cases (Maya Temple Facade, Nigerian Bronzes, United States of America v. Schultz, Parthenon Marbles and many more) and analyses legal issues (bona fide, relevant UNESCO and UNIDROIT Conventions, Supreme Court Decisions, procedure for requests etc.). It is a landmark publication that bears testament to the ways in which peoples have lost their entire cultural heritage and analyses the issue of its return and restitution by providing a wide range of perspectives on this subject. Essential reading for students, specialists, scholars and decision-makers as well as those interested in these topics.

General Analysis; Digital Repository; Preservation Strategies; Current Activities; Conclusion.

From original manuscripts and letters to sound recordings and birth certificates, archival information plays an increasingly important role in modern research. Libraries and the Internet have made finding information on a wide range of topics faster and easier, but not all information—particularly from primary sources—is available via local library branches or online resources. Using archival information presents its own challenges. Materials are often located in many different places: public or academic libraries, government agencies, historical societies, or museums. They are usually kept in secured areas where the public is restricted from browsing. This definitive guide shows novice and experienced researchers how to find archival information. It provides tips on how to use archival materials effectively and efficiently. Topics covered include government archives, science and technology collections, military archives, genealogical records, business and corporate archives, performing arts archives, and sports collections. Also provided is an overview of the world of archives, including archival terminology, how to contact archives, and archival etiquette. Whether searching for a noted author's original manuscripts, trying to locate presidential papers, or tracking down a repository of oral histories, Archival Information is an indispensable reference.