The liquid state is possibly the most difficult and intriguing state of matter to model. Organic liquids are required, mainly as working fluids, in almost all industrial activities and in most appliances (e.g. in air conditioning). Transport properties (namely dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity) are possibly the most important properties for the design of devices and appliances. Most theoretical studies on the liquid state date back to the Fifties however huge advances in experimental studies and applied research on heat and mass transfer in liquids have been achieved during past decades. Most of the models cannot rely on theory alone and are empirical, while for most organic liquids, only a few experimental points and empirical correlations are available in literature.The aim of this book is to present both theoretical approaches and the latest experimental advances on the issue, and to merge them into a wider approach. The book is organised into five chapters. The first chapter presents our theoretical knowledge of the liquid state. The second presents the tentative models for the evaluation of the thermal conductivity of organic liquids and confronts their results with the experimental data available in literature. The third presents the tentative models for the evaluation of the dynamic viscosity of organic liquids and confronts their results with the experimental data available in literature. The fourth presents a deeper review of the choice methods for thermal conductivity and their applications to mixtures of organic liquids and the fifth chapter presents a deeper review of the choice methods for dynamic viscosity and their applications to mixtures of organic liquids.

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Organic Salts is concerned with the thermodynamic and transport properties of organic salts, namely, pure salts, mixtures, and solutions. The transport properties of pure molten salts and binary mixtures of molten salts with organic ions are given, along with the transport properties of organic salts in aqueous solutions. This book is divided into three sections and opens with a discussion on the statistical treatment and of computer simulation methods for molten salts as well as their results for pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data. The PVT data for organic molten salts determined experimentally are considered, and the thermal properties as well as the melting mechanism of pure salts are described. A method by which PVT data at high pressure can be estimated from those at low pressure with sufficiently high accuracy is also outlined. The next section deals with salt mixtures, their phase diagrams, and their transport properties. The final section looks at the transport properties of organic salts in aqueous solutions; thermodynamic quantities of micelle formation; and formation of lyotropic liquid crystals by organic salts. Two appendixes showing the structure of the pure solids and the use of the melts in electrochemical studies are included. This monograph will be a useful resource for organic chemists.

Covering more than 7,800 organic and inorganic chemicals and hydrocarbons, Transport Properties of Chemical and Hydrocarbons, Second Edition is an essential volume for any chemist or chemical engineer. Spanning gases, liquids, and solids, the book covers all critical properties (including viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficient). From C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics, the data in this handbook is a perfect quick reference for field, lab, or classroom use. By collecting a massive – but relevant – amount of information in one source, the handbook enables engineers to spend more time developing new designs and processes, and less time collecting vital properties data. This is not a theoretical treatise, but an aid to the practicing engineer in the field, on day-to-day operations and long-range projects. - Simplifies research and significantly reduces the amount of time spent collecting properties data - Compiled by an expert in the field, the book provides engineers with data they can trust - All critical properties are covered for ease of reference, including viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficient

Taking greater advantage of powerful computing capabilities over the last several years, the development of fundamental information and new models has led to major advances in nearly every aspect of chemical engineering. Albright’s Chemical Engineering Handbook represents a reliable source of updated methods, applications, and fundamental concepts that will continue to play a significant role in driving new research and improving plant design and operations. Well-rounded, concise, and practical by design, this handbook collects valuable insight from an exceptional diversity of leaders in their respective specialties. Each chapter provides a clear review of basic information, case examples, and references to additional, more in-depth information. They explain essential principles, calculations, and issues relating to topics including reaction engineering, process control and design, waste disposal, and electrochemical and biochemical engineering. The final chapters cover aspects of patents and intellectual property, practical communication, and ethical considerations that are most relevant to engineers. From fundamentals to plant operations, Albright’s Chemical Engineering Handbook offers a thorough, yet succinct guide to day-to-day methods and calculations used in chemical engineering applications. This handbook will serve the needs of practicing professionals as well as students preparing to enter the field.

Transport Properties of Polymeric Membranes is an edited collection of papers that covers, in depth, many of the recent technical research accomplishments in transport characteristics through polymers and their applications. Using the transport through polymer membranes method leads to high separation efficiency, low running costs, and simple operating procedures compared to conventional separation methods. This book provides grounding in fundamentals and applications to give you all the information you need on using this method. This book discusses the different types of polymer, their blends, composites, nanocomposites and their applications in the field of liquid, gas and vapor transport. Some topics of note include modern trends and applications of polymer nanocomposites in solvent, vapor and gas transport; fundamentals and measurement techniques for gas and vapor transport in polymers; and transport properties of hydrogels. This handpicked selection of topics, and the combined expertise of contributors from global industry, academia, government and private research organizations, make this book an outstanding reference for anyone involved in the field of polymer membranes. - Presents current trends in the field of transport of liquid, gas and vapor through various polymeric systems - Features case studies focused on industrial applications of membrane technology, along with fundamentals of transport and materials - Helps readers quickly look up a particular technique to learn key points, capabilities and drawbacks

From July 10th through July 13th, 1994, an informal workshop co-organized by RILEM committees 116-PCD and 123-MME was held at Saint-Remy-Ies Chevreuse, France, and attended by 38 delegates from 16 countries. Twenty-nine papers were presented, converging the general subjects of modelling micro structures and predicting durability of concrete and other cement-based materials. A short summary follows: G. M. Idom's paper entitled "Modelling Research for Concrete Engineering" serves as an introduction to the workshop, presenting an overview of modelling research with the conelusion that the broad practica1 objective is to produce high-quality concrete. This means that many characteristics, ranging from rheology to alkali-silica reaction, must be modelled. In other words, the system must be understood. Idom's paper sets the stage for papers in two general areas: 1) models and 2) transport properties. After this, abrief survey of the develop ment of microstructurally-based models is presented. A elose relationship between computer power and speed is suggested. The first group of papers on models covers the subjects of scale and resolution. Most models define and predict characteristics of the pore system, which range in scale from nanometer to millimeter. Various types ofnetworks are proposed in these papers. A good microstructural model must describe the pores and other phases at ascale appropriate to the properties that the model predicts. Also, a good model should be based on fundamental knowledge. In the case of cement-based materials, the important properties may depend on the microstructure, especially the porosity, at several scales.

Edited by R.H.J. Grimshaw, this book covers the topic of solitary waves in fluids.

Written by the leading experts in the field, this book will provide a valuable, current account of the advances in the measurement and prediction of transport properties that have occurred over the last twenty years. Critical to industry, these properties are fundamental to, for example, the development of fossil fuels, carbon sequestration and alternative energy sources. This unique and comprehensive account will provide the experimental and theoretical background of near-equilibrium transport properties which provide the background when investigating industrial applications. Coverage includes new experimental techniques and how existing techniques have developed, new fluids eg molten metals, dense fluids, and critical enhancements of transport properties of pure substances. Practitioners and researchers in chemistry and engineering will benefit from this state of the art record of recent advances in the field of transport properties.

The first book to comprehensively cover the burgeoning new class of soft materials known as functional organic liquids Functional organic liquids, a new concept in soft matter materials science, exhibit favorable properties compared to amorphous polymers and ionic liquids. They are composed of a functional core unit and a side chain, which induces fluidity even at room temperature. Due to their fluidity, functional organic liquids can adopt any shape and geometry and fulfill their function in stretchable and bendable devices for applications in photovoltaics, organic electronics, biomedicine, and biochemistry. Presented in five parts, this book starts with an overview of the design methods and properties of functional organic liquids. The next three parts focus on the applications of this exciting new class of soft materials in the fields of energy conversion, nanotechnology, and biomaterials. They study the liquids for energy conversion, those containing inorganic nanoclusters, and solvent-free soft biomaterials. Functional Organic Liquids concludes with a comparison in terms of properties and application potential between functional organic liquids and more conventional soft matter such as ionic liquids and liquid metals. -Examines the current state of science and technology for functional organic liquids -Focuses on potential and already realized applications such as functional organic liquids for energy conversion -Stimulates researchers to move forward on future development and applications Functional Organic Liquids is an excellent book for materials scientists, polymer chemists, organic chemists, physical chemists, surface chemists, and surface physicists.

This book is an investigation into the barrier qualities of concrete. The transport of fluids, in particular organic and contaminating liquids, through concrete can lead to water and soil pollution. This is a world-wide problem on which there is little published material. This state-of-the-art report redresses the balance and sets out current knowledge on all aspects of the problem, testing methods and indicates the need for further research.