The fascinating process of translation in its many varieties is the subject of the essays in this book. Five of the essays discuss the theoretical aspects common to all works of translation. Other essays elucidate the particular processes of translating literature, drama, social science, classics, and songs. How computers can assist in translation and the economics of translation are the subjects of two of the essays. Considering translation as a discipline, the sixteen authors of these essays provide a complete perspective on translation for students considering translation as a career and for anyone interested in how a translation is made.

Autism is a complex phenomenon that is both individual and social. Showing both robust similarities and intriguing differences across cultural contexts, the autism spectrum raises innumerable questions about self, subjectivity, and society in a globalized world. Yet it is often misrepresented as a problem of broken bodies and disordered brains. So, in 2015, a group of interdisciplinary scholars gathered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for an intellectual experiment: a workshop that joined approaches from psychological anthropology to the South American tradition of Collective Health in order to consider autism within social, historical, and political settings. This book is the product of the ongoing conversation emerging from this event. It contains a series of comparative histories of autism policy in Italy, Brazil, and the United States; focuses on issues of voice, narrative, and representation in autism; and examines how the concept of autism shapes both individual lives and broader social and economic systems. Featuring contributions from: Michael Bakan Benilton Bezerra Pamela Block M. Ariel Cascio Jurandir Freire Costa Bárbara Costa Andrada Cassandra Evans Elizabeth Fein Clara Feldman Roy Richard Grinker Rossano Lima Francisco Ortega Dawn Prince-Hughes Clarice Rios Laura Sterponi Thomas S. Weisner Enrico Valtellina

Exploring this theme, Robinson examines Plato's Ion, Philo Judaeus and Augustine on the Septuagint, Paul on inspired interpreters, Joseph Smith on the Book of Mormon, and Schleiermacher, Marx, and Heidegger on translation. He traces the imaginative and historical linkages between twentieth-century conceptions of ideology and ancient conceptions of spirit-channeling, and the performative inversion of power relations by which the "channel" (or translator) comes to wield the source author as his or her tool.

Honorable Mention, 2020 Stirling Prize for Best Published Work in Psychological Anthropology, given by the Society for Psychological Anthropology Honorable Mention, New Millennium Book Award, given by the Society for Medical Anthropology How youth on the autism spectrum negotiate the contested meanings of neurodiversity Autism is a deeply contested condition. To some, it is a devastating invader, harming children and isolating them. To others, it is an asset and a distinctive aspect of an individual’s identity. How do young people on the spectrum make sense of this conflict, in the context of their own developing identity? While most of the research on Asperger’s and related autism conditions has been conducted with individuals or in settings in which people on the spectrum are in the minority, this book draws on two years of ethnographic work in communities that bring people with Asperger’s and related conditions together. It can thus begin to explore a form of autistic culture, through attending to how those on the spectrum make sense of their conditions through shared social practices. Elizabeth Fein brings her many years of experience in both clinical psychology and psychological anthropology to analyze the connection between neuropsychological difference and culture. She argues that current medical models, which espouse a limited definition, are ill equipped to deal with the challenges of discussing autism-related conditions. Consequently, youths on the autism spectrum reach beyond medicine for their stories of difference and disorder, drawing instead on shared mythologies from popular culture and speculative fiction to conceptualize their experience of changing personhood. In moving and persuasive prose, Living on the Spectrum illustrates that young people use these stories to pioneer more inclusive understandings of what makes us who we are.

The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Ethics offers a comprehensive overview of issues surrounding ethics in translating and interpreting. The chapters chart the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of ethical thinking in Translation Studies and analyze the ethical dilemmas of various translatorial actors, including translation trainers and researchers. Authored by leading scholars and new voices in the field, the 31 chapters present a wide coverage of emerging issues such as increasing technologization of translation, posthumanism, volunteering and activism, accessibility and linguistic human rights. Many chapters provide the first extensive overview of the topic or present new takes on established areas. The book is divided into four parts, with the first covering the most influential ethical theories. Part II takes the perspective of agents in different contexts and the ethical dilemmas they face, while Part III takes a critical look at central institutions structuring and controlling ethical behaviour. Finally, Part IV focuses on special issues and new challenges, and signals new directions for further study. This handbook is an indispensable resource for all students and researchers of translation and ethics within translation and interpreting studies, multilingualism and comparative literature.

The application of advanced digital-processing techniques has great potential for systems that transmit voice or utilize information coded in the form of speech. The report employs a digital process that offers a new approach for general use in speech synthesis, and is an application of homomorphic methods to the problem of correcting the distorted speech of talkers in pressurized helium-oxygen atmospheres. The vocal-tract impulse response of such speech was extracted by the homomorphic deconvolution technique, and its frequency components were moved downward in frequency according to correction formulas given in a study by Gerstman (1966). Both linear and nonlinear frequency corrections were used. Speech samples taken at 800-foot pressure depth in a 96 percent helium, 4 percent oxygen atmosphere were processed in this way, using a digital simulation of Oppenheim's (1969) analysis-synthesis system. Results indicate considerable promise for the technique as a tool for further study of helium speech, and perhaps as a future on-line translation method. (Author).