Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

The issue if criminal behavior among our youth is deeply troubling to Americans. There appears to be a profound depression among growing numbers of youth that life (either theirs or someone elseÆs) has any value. A distinguished group of scholars addresses these issues and evaluates solutions from the perspectives and research offered by each of their disciplines. Delinquent Violent Youth opens with a literary and historical overview of crime amongst rural and urban youth, followed by a chapter that explores the theoretical and social policy thinking that grew from these traditions and shaped societyÆs responses to youth in trouble. Next, the book reviews the vast literature concerning how families, peers, schools, and the community influence delinquent behavior. Subsequent chapters explore the role substances play in delinquent behavior; the influence television has on violent behavior in childhood and adolescence; the nature and treatment of violent behavior in adolescents and the implications for treatment; a developmental perspective of youth gangs; effective community-based approaches for treating juvenile offenders; effective interventions for incarcerated youth; and, the promotion of juvenile rightency. For graduate students, program directors, and clinicians who want to increase their knowledge of violent delinquent behavior, Delinquent Violent Youth offers a solid overview and guidance in the selection of approaches that work for intervening with violent youth.

What makes a juvenile delinquent develop into an adult criminal? What defines-cognitively, developmentally, legally-the transition from juvenile to adult and what determines whether patterns of criminal behavior persist? In most US states and Western nations, legal adulthood begins at age 18. This volume focuses on the period surrounding that abrupt transition (roughly ages 15-29) and addresses what happens to offending careers during it. Edited by two leading authorities in the fields of psychology and criminology, Transitions from Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime examines why the period of transition is important and how it can be better understood and addressed both inside and outside of the justice system. Bringing together over thirty leading scholars from multiple disciplines in both North America and Europe, this volume asks critical questions about criminal careers and causation, and whether current legal definitions of adulthood accurately reflect actual maturation and development. The volume also addresses the current efficacy of the justice system in addressing juvenile crime and recidivism, why and how juveniles ought to be treated differently from adults, if special legal provisions should be established for young adults, and the effectiveness of crime prevention programs implemented during early childhood and adolescence. With serious scholarly analysis and practical policy proposals, Transitions from Juvenile Delinquency to Adult Crime addresses what can be done to ensure that todays juvenile delinquents do not become tomorrows adult criminals.

The Jack-Roller tells the story of Stanley, a pseudonym Clifford Shaw gave to his informant and co-author, Michael Peter Majer. Stanley was sixteen years old when Shaw met him in 1923 and had recently been released from the Illinois State Reformatory at Pontiac, after serving a one-year sentence for burglary and jack-rolling (mugging), Vivid, authentic, this is the autobiography of a delinquent—his experiences, influences, attitudes, and values. The Jack-Roller helped to establish the life-history or "own story" as an important instrument of sociological research. The book remains as relevant today to the study and treatment of juvenile delinquency and maladjustment as it was when originally published in 1930.

The autobiography of a young black man raised in Harlem. A realistic description of life in the ghetto.

Surveys the major theoretical approaches to understanding delinquent behavior, both biological and psychological. It features careful explanations of the major theories and analyzes each theory's underlying assumptions, the important concepts behind it, and finally the critical evaluations of the research associated with each theory presented.

Pedagogically rich, this core textbook in governmental and not-for-profit accounting offers in-depth coverage for advanced accounting courses. The classroom-tested text logically builds student understanding of basic concepts like accountability, typical transactions like recording budgets and property taxes, and carries those concepts through to the detailed production of annual financial statements and conversions to produce government-wide financial statements. Reasonably priced and user friendly, the Martin-West volume is loaded with helpful questions, exercises, problems that include Internet research, case studies, summaries, and boxed items. Key features include: Putting It Together examples walk readers through the process of analyzing and entering typical transactions and developing financial statements Strategically placed interpretive exercises direct readers to apply what they have learned to a variety of situations Ties to the Real Worldinformation from business publications and from actual financial reportsillustrate chapter concepts and accounting concerns Clearly stated, measurable learning objectives focus on specific learning goals

The central idea of this book is that the widespread "crisis" of juvenile delinquency can be grappled with only if one first understands delinquency as a persistent subculture that is traditional in certain neighborhoods of our cities.