A case study of Orissa, India.

Throughout the 20th century, electricity was considered to be the primary vehicle of modernity, as well as its quintessential symbol. In India, electrification was central to how early nationalists and planners conceptualized Indian development, and huge sums were spent on the project from then until now. Yet despite all this, sixty-five years after independence nearly 400 million Indians have no access to electricity. Electrifying India explores the political and historical puzzle of uneven development in India's vital electricity sector. In some states, nearly all citizens have access to electricity, while in others fewer than half of households have reliable electricity. To help explain this variation, this book offers both a regional and a historical perspective on the politics of electrification of India as it unfolded in New Delhi and three Indian states: Maharashtra, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. In those parts of the countryside that were successfully electrified in the decades after independence, the gains were due to neither nationalist idealism nor merely technocratic plans, but rather to the rising political influence and pressure of rural constituencies. In looking at variation in how public utilities expanded over a long period of time, this book argues that the earlier period of an advancing state apparatus from the 1950s to the 1980s conditioned in important ways the manner of the state's retreat during market reforms from the 1990s onward.

Contents: Introduction, Socio-economic Profile of District Kandhamal, Growth of Cooperative Movement in India, Approach and Strategies for the Development of Cooperative Marketing, History and Development of Agency Marketing Co-operative Society (AMCS), Tikabali, Marketing of Minor Forest Produce and Surplus Agricultural Produce: An Analysis, Findings and Suggestions.

Contents: Introduction, Socio-Economic Background of the Study Villages, Development Process and Dalits The Bauris, Development Impact on the Bauri Beneficiaries, Consequential Changes, Quality of Life, Summary and Conclusion.

For Thousand Years, Dalits Are Suppressed In Indian Society. Now The Time Has Been Changed And The Revolution Has Started. On The Basis Of Caste, Gender And Stages Of Life People Have Formed A Set So Called As Dalits. People Are Aware Towards Their Rights And Now We Have To Know About The Dalits In Third Millennium. The Changing Scenario Of Socioeconomic Status Of The Dalits And Their Participation In The Political Power Alongwith Their Educational Status Have Become The Central Point To Review Their Position. In Our Constitution Though The Equal Right And Right Of Equality Through Their Voting Are Gained But In Other Areas After Fifty-Seven Years Of Independence The Inequalities Are Still Prevailing. The Fundamental Rights Of The Dalits Are Not Able To Reflect In Their Life.This Book Is Trying To Elaborate The Economic, Educational, Political Rights Of The Deprived Society And Their Status Are Also Focused.

Study conducted in the villages of Malkangiri District of Orissa, India.