Examines how the rights and duties of Roman citizens in private life, were affected by certain basic differences in their formal status. Thereby, throws into sharper focus Roman conceptions of citizenship and society.

A new historical survey that recasts the 'fall of the Roman Republic' as part of the rise of a uniquely successful world state.

Introduction / Clifford Ando and Myles Lavan -- Citizenship and its alternatives : a view from the East / Ari Z. Bryen -- Fiscal semantics in the long second century : citizenship, taxation, and the constitutio Antoniniana / Lisa Pilar Eberle -- Roman citizenship, marriage with non-citizens and family networks / Myles Lavan -- Manumission, citizenship, and inheritance : epigraphic evidence from the Danube / Rose MacLean -- The onomastics of Roman citizenship in the Greek East : from 'Second Sophistic' to local epigraphic loyalty / Aitor Blanco-Pérez -- Documenting Roman citizenship / Anna Dolganov -- Citizenships and jurisdictions : the Greek city perspective / Georgy Kantor -- Experiencing Roman citizenship in the Greek East during the second century CE : local contexts for a global phenomenon / Cédric Brélaz -- Romans, aliens and others in dynamic interaction / Clifford Ando.

Explores the various influences that inform and shape our understanding of the early Roman Republic. It is common knowledge that the demise of the Roman Republic was not only the occasion for the shaping of the traditional narrative for the much earlier Republic, but that it was the source of both the discourse and the tone of that history.

A sweeping political and cultural history, Killing for the Republic closes with a compelling argument in favor of resurrecting the citizen-soldier ideal in modern America.