As a network that claims to represent the nation, NPR asserts unique claims about what it means to be American. In The Sound of Exclusion, Christopher Chávez critically examines how National Public Radio conceptualizes the Latinx listener, arguing that NPR employs a number of industry practices that secure its position as a white public space while relegating Latinx listeners to the periphery. These practices are tied to a larger cultural logic. Latinx identity is differentiated from national identity, which can be heard through NPR’s cultivation of an idealized dialect, situating whiteness at its center. Pushing Latinx listeners to the edges of public radio has crucial implications for Latinx participation in civic discourses, as identifying who to include in the “public” audience necessarily involves a process of exclusion. Chávez analyzes NPR as a historical product that has evolved alongside significant changes in technology, industry practice, and demography. In The Sound of Exclusion, Chávez asks these pressing questions: What kind of news organization was NPR intended to be? What has it become over time? In what ways is it evolving to meet the needs of a nation, in which U.S. Latinxs are becoming an increasingly larger portion of the American public that NPR serves? Informed by more than fifty in-depth interviews conducted with public radio practitioners from all aspects of the business, Chávez addresses how power is enacted in everyday broadcast practices. By interrogating industry practices, we might begin to reimagine NPR as a public good that serves the broad and diverse spectrum of the American public.

In The Sound of Exclusion, Christopher Chávez critically examines National Public Radio's professional norms and practices that situate white listeners at the center while relegating Latinx listeners to the periphery. By interrogating industry practices, we might begin to reimagine NPR as a public good that serves the broad and diverse spectrum of the American public.

In 1991 the U.S. Army sent Major Melissa Wells-Petry to the University Of Virginia Law School to research and write an in-depth report on the legal and social implications of admitting homosexuals into the armed forces. But the report was never released--it contradicted "politically correct" opinion. Now comes the release of the report the Army doesn't want you to read.

While increasing attention has been directed to the legal and criminological aspects of situational crime prevention, focused ethical discussion of the measures involved has been notable by its absence. Situational crime prevention measures are being used increasingly in various forms in cities all around the world. This book addresses the complex ethical challenges related to preventive exclusion that have only been addressed in a limited way in the academic literature. This volume brings together world-leading experts in ethics and penal theory to answer controversial questions about the ethics of preventing crime by exclusion. Situational crime prevention measures—such as gated communities, hostile design, or annoying music or noise—intended to exclude some or all people from an area to prevent crime present important ethical questions. Is the use of exclusionary measures antithetical to the attainment of social justice or to addressing the root causes of crime? If such measures result merely in the displacement of crime, does this mean they are without value, or morally questionable? What are the conceptual relationships between exclusionary measures, civic trust, and moral agency? Do some or all exclusionary measures fail to respect potential offenders as rational agents? When, if ever, is the use of exclusion to prevent crime discriminatory? And do such measures have a morally problematic expressive dimension? This book is invaluable for scholars with an interest in crime prevention, criminal law, and criminal justice. The practical implications will also appeal to practitioners in the criminal justice system involved in the implementation and administration of preventive exclusion.

Measurements of the noise attenuation provided by five flight helmets were obtained on a manikin head and compared with attenuation measurements obtained on human subjects according to the USASI Standard for Evaluating Real-Ear Attenuation at Threshold. The two sets of measurements were similar. The manikin method has certain advantages which should be considered in terms of the particular requirements of an evaluation program: (1) a helmet can be optimally fitted with little expenditure of time; (2) variability introduced by human factors is kept at a minimum; (3) high levels of noise can be used as the test stimulus; (4) visual and auditory monitoring of the attenuated noise provides the experimenter with a precise appraisal of the fit as adjustments are made; (5) manikin measurements are particularly useful in revealing improvements in attenuation resulting from minor modifications. (Author).