The Proteins: Composition, Structure, and Function, Second Edition, Volume I explores the quantitative relationships between protein composition, structure, and function. This book is composed of six chapters that cover the rapid and fundamental advances in understanding protein chemistry. This book outlines first the quantitative procedures and various methods suitable for the determination of amino acids found as constituents of naturally occurring peptides and as free amino acids in tissues and body fluids. These topics are followed by a discussion on some of the aspects of peptide chemistry, which appear significant in relation to peptides possessing physiological activity. The next chapter considers protein synthesis that represents the sequences of chemical reactions whereby amino acids are assembled in biological systems to produce proteins. This volume also examines the correlation of structure with function; the mechanisms of control of protein biosynthesis; the exact role of intramolecular interactions in the determination of tertiary structure; and the colinearity of genetic "maps with amino acid sequences. A chapter describes the methods of analysis and reactions of sulfhydryl, disulfide, and thiol ester groups in proteins, as well as the evidence relating to the functions of these sulfur groups in proteins. The final chapter looks into the models and theories for the noncovalent bond interactions in proteins. This book is of value to organic chemists, biochemists, and researchers in the protein-related fields.

The Proteins: Composition, Structure, and Function, Second Edition, Volume II deals with fundamental properties of proteins, both in solution and in the solid state. This volume consists of five chapters that specifically cover the advances in understanding the structure and function of the protein molecule. The opening chapter presents interpretative procedures of experimental methods for determining protein conformation using X-ray crystallography, followed by an examination of the acid-base dissociations of proteins. The discussion then shifts to the investigation of interactions between protein molecules and other macromolecules, which is of significant importance in providing a chemical basis for many biological processes. A chapter considers first the synthesis, purification, and chemical properties of the polyamino acids. This chapter further describes their physicochemical properties in the solid state, in solution, and at interfaces, and lastly discusses their biological properties as high molecular weight substrates for proteolytic enzymes and as synthetic antigens, and their interaction with proteins and nucleic acids, with viruses, bacteria, blood components, and other biological systems. The use of polyamino acids in the study of the genetic code and the preparation and properties of polypeptidyl proteins are also covered. The concluding chapter focuses on X-ray analysis of protein structure. Organic chemists, biochemists, and researchers in protein-related fields will find this book invaluable

Macromolecular Physics, Volume 1: Crystal Structure, Morphology, Defects provides a unified treatment of crystals of linear macromolecules. This book is organized into four chapters: structure of macromolecules, microscopic structure of crystals, crystal morphology, and defect crystal. This publication specifically discusses the macromolecular hypothesis, molecular conformation, and synthesis of macromolecules. The discovery and proof of the lattice theory, structures of minimum free energy, and crystal structures of macromolecules are also deliberated. This publication likewise covers the macromolecular crystals, macroscopic recognition of defects, and deformation of polymer crystals. This volume is a good reference for physicists, scientists, and specialists concerned with research on crystals of linear macromolecules.

Milk Proteins: Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Volume I discusses the structure of evolution and biological function of milk proteins and enzymes. The milk proteins arise from a specific mammalian adaptation, and their study is important in its own right. However, the properties of milk proteins are such that their study has attained considerable importance in protein chemistry. In order to have a proper appreciation of the properties of milk proteins, this volume provides a general perspective and strategy for their study. This book is divided into three parts. Part A focuses on the historical survey of milk proteins, its comparative examination and characterization, and study of its immunological and allergenic reactions. Parts B and C discuss the basis of chemical and physical approaches most appropriate to the investigation of milk proteins. This publication is recommended to protein chemists and biochemists working in other areas. It will also serve as a good reference for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of milk protein chemistry.

The Composition, Structure and Reactivity of Proteins

Cartilage, Volume 1: Structure, Function, and Biochemistry provides an in-depth treatment of cartilage structure, function, and biochemistry. Topics range from vertebrate and invertebrate cartilages to chondroblasts and chondrocytes, along with the use of transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to examine cartilage. The collagens and cell kinetics of cartilage are also discussed. Comprised of 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the diversity of cartilage in vertebrates and invertebrates in terms of structure, function, and evolution. The principal common attributes of vertebrate cartilages as well as those specific parameters that usefully serve to distinguish between cartilaginous tissues at several phylogenetic levels are discussed. Function and level of function are considered, along with their correlations with the structural attributes of a specific cartilage. Subsequent chapters explore the chondroblasts and chondrocytes of cartilage, particularly how they arise and how they are maintained; the ultrastructure of cartilage; the biochemistry of cartilaginous extracellular matrices; and the kinetic and metabolic properties of cartilage cells. The final chapter analyzes the mechanisms of calcification of cartilage. This book will be of interest to biologists and biochemists.

Plastids are plant cell-specific organelles of endosymbiotic origin that contain their own genome, the so-called plastome. Its proper expression is essential for faithful chloroplast biogenesis during seedling development and for the establishment of photosynthetic and other biosynthetic functions in the organelle. The structural organisation, replication and expression of this plastid genome, thus, has been studied for many years, but many essential steps are still not understood. Especially, the structural and functional involvement of various regulatory proteins in these processes is still a matter of research. Studies from the last two decades demonstrated that a plethora of proteins act as specific regulators during replication, transcription, post-transcription, translation and post-translation accommodating a proper inheritance and expression of the plastome. Their number exceeds by far the number of the genes encoded by the plastome suggesting that a strong evolutionary pressure is maintaining the plastome in its present stage. The plastome gene organisation in vascular plants was found to be highly conserved, while algae exhibit a certain flexibility in gene number and organisation. These regulatory proteins are, therefore, an important determinant for the high degree of conservation in plant plastomes. A deeper understanding of individual roles and functions of such proteins would improve largely our understanding of plastid biogenesis and function, a knowledge that will be essential in the development of more efficient and productive plants for agriculture. The latter represents a major socio-economic need of fast growing mankind that asks for increased supply of food, fibres and biofuels in the coming decades despite the threats exerted by global change and fast spreading urbanisation.

This book gathers outstanding research papers presented in the International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Emerging Power System (ICCIPS 2021), held on March 9-10, 2021, at Engineering College Ajmer. ICCIPS 2021 is jointly organized by the Department of CSE and Department of EE, Engineering College Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. The topics covered in the book are collective intelligence, soft computing, optimization, cloud computing, machine learning, intelligent software, robotics, data science, data security, big data analytics, natural language processing, renewable energy, signal processing, optimization methods for power system, smart grid, micro-grid, energy management, power system, monitoring system, load management, and distributed generation.