This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can usually download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1906 edition. Excerpt: ... third and to the Anglo-Saxons a most unwelcome ordeal---the wager of battle. By this the accused was permitted to fight it out, sword in hand, with the accuser. If he killed the latter or managed to keep up the combat until the stars shone, he was allowed to go free; otherwise, of course, if the accuser did not kill hiin outright he was hanged. The fourth council of Lateran in 1215 declared impious all forms of judicium Dei, or appealing to the interference of God by ordeals of fire, water and battle, but left standing one great instrument for the promotion of justice--namely, trial by jury. When originated trial byjury and to what country belongs the honor is a matter of hopeless dispute. I think the origin of the system is manifest enough: A fair-minded disputant proposed and had his adversary agree to call together the most intelligent and reliable of their neighbors, state the circumstances of the case to them and abide by their decision, and---perhaps in imitation of the apostolic body---the number chosen happened to be twelve. The proposition was so fair and its results so satisfying that this form of trial became an institution in that particular community, whence it gradually spread far and wide. But presently influences of friendship. of enmity, of interest intewened to cloud the verdicts and the church was called in to add sacredness to the proceeding, whereupon the twelve jurors bound themselves by an oath, in which they called to heaven to witness that they would well and truly try the issues joined and a true verdict render, so help them God. It naturally became expedient for a judge to preside over the trial and instruct the jury on matters of law. The system of trial by jury still remains the simplest and most perfect...

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

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