9.1.3 Motor Examination

How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

The First Textbook to Take an Integrative Approach to Neurological Diagnosis This introductory, full-color text teaches students and practitioners how to combine neurological history and physical examination so they can localize pathologies within the nervous system and determine appropriate treatment. It provides a wealth of illustrations that emphasize the functioning nervous system, in addition to an invaluable DVD for further exploration and access to a state-of-the-art website with additional materials that are updated periodically. Give Practitioners the Confidence to Differentiate, Diagnose, and Build Treatment Plans Provides a wealth of illustrations that emphasize the functioning nervous system Neuroanatomical drawings related to case studies Informative tables with relevant clinical data Radiographic images, EEGS, microscopic images, and other diagnostic tools Includes an invaluable DVD for further exploration User-friendly worksheets to provide a proven methodology for evaluation All color illustrations from the book Flash animations of various pathways, reflexes, and circuits Neuroimaging primer to boost understanding of CT and MRI sequences Supplementary e-cases and diagnostic images A wealth of references for self-guided study Offers access to a state-of-the-art website All of the features on the DVD Additional supplementary materials to be added periodically Demystifies Neurological Problem Solving Section I: Covers the Basics of Neurological Problem Solving Provides a full synopsis of the nervous system Explains key aspects of the neurological examination Delves into clinical problem solving Includes a Fail Safe Localization/Etiology Checklist Covers lesions caused by trauma, muscle diseases, genetic and degenerative diseases, vascular problems, drugs and toxins, infections, and autoimmune disorders Section II: Applies the Basics to Clinical Cases Presents full case examinations of a nine-member fictional family Demonstrates clinical data extraction, definition of main clinical points, relevant neuroanatomy, and the localization process Covers a wide range of disease processes, including spinal cord syndromes and traumas, vascular injury, and seizures Details autoimmune, neoplastic, degenerative, and genetic disorders Differentiates between various causes of seizures, stroke, and Parkinsonism Provides complete case summaries, treatment, management, and outcomes

This book covers recent advances in the understanding of brain structure, function and disorders based on the fundamental principles of physics. It covers a broad range of physical phenomena occurring in the brain circuits for perception, cognition, emotion and action, representing the building blocks of the mind. It provides novel insights into the devastating brain disorders of the mind such as schizophrenia, dementia, autism, aging or addictions, as well as into the new devices for brain repair. The book is aimed at basic researchers in the fields of neuroscience, physics, biophysics and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, psychology, psychiatry.

Bridging the gap between the peripheral and central nervous systems, the second edition of Neuroanatomical Basis of Clinical Neurology enriches understanding of neurological conditions through a conceptual approach to neuronal circuitry. The book retains the basic outline of contents from the first edition, integrating structural organization with pertinent clinical disorders, while reflecting the substantial growth and ever-changing information in neuroscience After an introduction to the developmental and cellular aspects of the nervous system, the book discusses in depth the morphology and internal organization of the central nervous system. It examines the somatic and autonomic components of the peripheral nervous system, emphasizing nerve entrapments and neuropathies. The author describes various dysfunctions by demonstrating the neuronal interconnectivity between higher and lower autonomic centers and the mediation of visceral reflexes. The Second Edition incorporates and highlights common and relevant clinical conditions. Topics include: Various forms of cortical dysfunctions, such as seizures, disconnection syndrome, coma, and dementia The role of prefrontal cortex in behavior and attention, introducing the topic of autism Up-to-date information on the auditory, vestibular, gustatory, and limbic systems The neurochemistry of the limbic system, memory and associated disorders, and the structural and neuronal circuitry of the hippocampal gyrus Structural organization and associated pathways of the extrapyramidal system, demonstrating the neurochemical basis of movement disorders This new edition skillfully integrates over a decade of discovery in neuroscience since the publication of the first edition, and introduces deepened insights into the neuronal synaptic connectivity and the mechanisms that underlie neurologic disorders. The book remains an essential source of information for medical and allied health students, practitioners of neurology, and students of neuroscience.

Development of the Nervous System, Second Edition has been thoroughly revised and updated since the publication of the First Edition. It presents a broad outline of neural development principles as exemplified by key experiments and observations from past and recent times. The text is organized along a development pathway from the induction of the neural primordium to the emergence of behavior. It covers all the major topics including the patterning and growth of the nervous system, neuronal determination, axonal navigation and targeting, synapse formation and plasticity, and neuronal survival and death. This new text reflects the complete modernization of the field achieved through the use of model organisms and the intensive application of molecular and genetic approaches. The original, artist-rendered drawings from the First Edition have all been redone and colorized to so that the entire text is in full color. This new edition is an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate level students in courses such as Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Developmental Biology. - Updates information including all the new developments made in the field since the first edition - Now in full color throughout, with the original, artist-rendered drawings from the first edition completely redone, revised, colorized, and updated

Autonomic Nervous System provides an introduction to the latest science and detailed chapters on advances in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of autonomic system disorders. The autonomic nervous system controls all involuntary actions within the human nervous system. Core body functions regulated by the autonomic system include breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure, body temperature, perspiration, and bowel, bladder and sexual function. Our understanding of the neurotransmitters associated with the autonomic nervous system has expanded over the past 15 years associated with current research efforts and are now impacting the diagnosis and treatment of autonomic nervous system disorders by clinical neurologists. This volume is a valuable companion for neuroscience and clinical neurology researchers and practitioners. - A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology - International list of contributors, including the leading workers in the field - Describes the advances that have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences and their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care