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The World Wide Web has now been in use for more than 20 years. From early browsers to today’s principal source of information, entertainment and much else, the Web is an integral part of our daily lives, to the extent that some people believe ‘if it’s not online, it doesn’t exist.’ While this statement is not entirely true, it is becoming increasingly accurate, and reflects the Web’s role as an indispensable treasure trove. It is curious, therefore, that historians and social scientists have thus far made little use of the Web to investigate historical patterns of culture and society, despite making good use of letters, novels, newspapers, radio and television programmes, and other pre-digital artefacts.This volume argues that now is the time to ask what we have learnt from the Web so far. The 12 chapters explore this topic from a number of interdisciplinary angles – through histories of national web spaces and case studies of different government and media domains – as well as an introduction that provides an overview of this exciting new area of research.

How prepared are you to build fast and efficient web applications? This eloquent book provides what every web developer should know about the network, from fundamental limitations that affect performance to major innovations for building even more powerful browser applications—including HTTP 2.0 and XHR improvements, Server-Sent Events (SSE), WebSocket, and WebRTC. Author Ilya Grigorik, a web performance engineer at Google, demonstrates performance optimization best practices for TCP, UDP, and TLS protocols, and explains unique wireless and mobile network optimization requirements. You’ll then dive into performance characteristics of technologies such as HTTP 2.0, client-side network scripting with XHR, real-time streaming with SSE and WebSocket, and P2P communication with WebRTC. Deliver superlative TCP, UDP, and TLS performance Speed up network performance over 3G/4G mobile networks Develop fast and energy-efficient mobile applications Address bottlenecks in HTTP 1.x and other browser protocols Plan for and deliver the best HTTP 2.0 performance Enable efficient real-time streaming in the browser Create efficient peer-to-peer videoconferencing and low-latency applications with real-time WebRTC transports

Two Web insiders who were employees of CERN in Geneva, where the Web was developed, tell how the idea for the World Wide Web came about, how it was developed, and how it was eventually handed over at no charge for the rest of the world to use. 20 illustrations.

The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.

In “Web Browsers,” delve into the fascinating evolution and pivotal role of web browsers in shaping our digital experiences. This comprehensive guide begins with the inception of the first browser, WorldWideWeb, and chronicles the rise of iconic browsers like Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome. Explore the intricacies of browser architecture, from rendering engines to JavaScript engines, and understand how webpages are rendered seamlessly on your screen. The book highlights major web browsers, examining Google Chrome's market dominance and integration with Google services, Mozilla Firefox’s commitment to privacy and open-source development, Microsoft Edge’s transition from Internet Explorer, Apple Safari’s optimization for Apple devices, and Opera’s unique features catering to niche markets. Discover the innovations that have revolutionized browsing, including extensions, progressive web apps (PWAs), cross-device integration, and performance enhancements. Learn about the importance of web standards, the role of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and the significance of browser compatibility. Delve into privacy and security, with insights into tracking prevention, security patches, and user data control. The book also explores the rise of mobile browsing, key players in the mobile market, and the impact of PWAs. Finally, envision the future of web browsers with emerging trends, AI and machine learning integration, and the potential of quantum computing in transforming web browsing. “Web Browsers” is an essential read for anyone seeking to understand the technology that connects us to the vast digital world.

With this second edition of the popular DOM Scripting: Web Design with JavaScript and the Document Object Model comes a modern revision to update best practices and guidelines. It includes full coverage of HTML5 in a new, dedicated chapter, and details on JavaScript libraries and how they can help your scripting. The book provides everything you'll need to start using JavaScript and the Document Object Model to enhance your web pages with client-side dynamic effects and user-controlled animation. It shows how JavaScript, HTML5, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) work together to create usable, standards-compliant web designs. We'll also cover cross-browser compatibility with DOM scripts and how to make sure they degrade gracefully when JavaScript isn't available. DOM Scripting: Web Design with JavaScript and the Document Object Model focuses on JavaScript for adding dynamic effects and manipulating page structure on the fly using the Document Object Model. You'll start with a crash course in JavaScript and the DOM, then move on to several real-world examples that you'll build from scratch, including dynamic image galleries and dynamic menus. You'll also learn how to manipulate web page styles using the CSS DOM, and create markup on the fly. If you want to create websites that are beautiful, dynamic, accessible, and standards-compliant, this is the book for you!

Computers are an advancement whose importance is comparable to the invention of the wheel or movable type. While computers and the Internet have already changed many aspects of our lives, we still live in the dark ages of computing because proprietary software is still the dominant model. One might say that the richest alchemist who ever lived is my former boss, Bill Gates. (Oracle founder Larry Ellison, and Google co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page are close behind.) Human knowledge increasingly exists in digital form, so building new and better models requires the software to be improved. People can only share ideas when they also share the software to display and modify them. It is the expanded use of free software that will allow a greater ability for people to work together and increase the pace of progress. This book will demonstrate that a system where anyone can edit, share, and review the body of work will lead not just to something that works, but eventually to the best that the world can achieve! With better cooperation among our scientists, robot-driven cars is just one of the many inventions that will arrive -- pervasive robotics, artificial intelligence, and much faster progress in biology, all of which rely heavily on software. - Publisher.

The volume LNCS 12287 constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Security Protocols, held in Cambridge, UK, in April 2019. The volume consists of 16 thoroughly revised invited papers presented together with the respective transcripts of discussions. The theme of this year's workshop was “Security Protocols for Humans" The topics covered included Designing for Humans and Understanding Humans, Human Limitations in Security, Secure sharing and collaboration and much more.

A Library Journal Best Book of the Year Tech-guru Brian McCullough delivers a rollicking history of the internet, why it exploded, and how it changed everything. The internet was never intended for you, opines Brian McCullough in this lively narrative of an era that utterly transformed everything we thought we knew about technology. In How the Internet Happened, he chronicles the whole fascinating story for the first time, beginning in a dusty Illinois basement in 1993, when a group of college kids set off a once-in-an-epoch revolution with what would become the first “dotcom.” Depicting the lives of now-famous innovators like Netscape’s Marc Andreessen and Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg, McCullough also reveals surprising quirks and unknown tales as he tracks both the technology and the culture around the internet’s rise. Cinematic in detail and unprecedented in scope, the result both enlightens and informs as it draws back the curtain on the new rhythm of disruption and innovation the internet fostered, and helps to redefine an era that changed every part of our lives.