It is hardly a profound observation to note that we remain in the midst of a wireless revolution. In 1998 alone, over 150 million cell phones were sold worldwide, representing an astonishing 50% increase over the previous year. Maintaining such a remarkable growth rate requires constant innovation to decrease cost while increasing performance and functionality. Traditionally, wireless products have depended on a mixture of semicond- tor technologies, spanning GaAs, bipolar and BiCMOS, just to name a few. A question that has been hotly debated is whether CMOS could ever be suitable for RF applications. However, given the acknowledged inferiority of CMOS transistors relative to those in other candidate technologies, it has been argued by many that “CMOS RF” is an oxymoron, an endeavor best left cloistered in the ivory towers of academia. In rebuttal, there are several compelling reasons to consider CMOS for wi- less applications. Aside from the exponential device and density improvements delivered regularly by Moore’s law, only CMOS offers a technology path for integrating RF and digital elements, potentially leading to exceptionally c- pact and low-cost devices. To enable this achievement, several thorny issues need to be resolved. Among these are the problem of poor passive com- nents, broadband noise in MOSFETs, and phase noise in oscillators made with CMOS. Beyond the component level, there is also the important question of whether there are different architectural choices that one would make if CMOS were used, given the different constraints.

This book, first published in 2004, is an expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Tom Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits. A new chapter on the principles of wireless systems provides a bridge between system and circuit issues. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs, including a GPS receiver and a wireless LAN transceiver, that bring together the theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. Every section has been revised and updated with findings in the field and the book is packed with physical insights and design tips, and includes a historical overview that sets the whole field in context. With hundreds of circuit diagrams and homework problems this is an ideal textbook for students taking courses on RF design and a valuable reference for practising engineers.

This groundbreaking book is the first to present the state of the art in microwave oscillator design with an emphasis on new nonlinear methods. A compilation of pioneering work from experts in the field, it also provides rigorous theory and historical background. Invaluable for professionals at all levels of design expertise, this volume helps you to bridge the gap between design practice and new powerful design methods, learn all aspects of modern oscillator design and review practical designs and experimental results of fixed-frequency, high-Q, low-noise oscillators.

Research in RFIC design has recently shifted towards direct conversion and subsampling architectures as an alternative to the conventional super-heterodyne architectures. Bandpass sampling architectures, also called subsampling architectures, exhibit several advantages over super-heterodyne architectures, notably, the complexity of subsampling architectures is significantly lower since no phase-locked loop is required. A direct consequence is that downconversion from RF to IF can be achieved with significant power savings as compared to the super-heterodyne architecture. Another significant benefit of such architectures is the capability for processing multiple signals in parallel. The ability to simultaneously handle multiple carriers makes subsampling architectures particularly well suited for GNSS applications, as downconversion of multiple frequency bands is required in GNSS environments. With the advent of the new civilian GPS signals, L2C and L5, and the onset of the new Galileo signal, a receiver that can process multiple signals without adding complexity, is highly desired. An integrated proof-of-concept subsampling GPS receiver front-end in 130 nm BiCMOS is presented in this dissertation. The receiver achieves a noise figure of less than 3.8 dB, the lowest ever recorded noise figure of a subsampling based receiver.

Mobile and wireless communications applications have a clear impact on improving the humanity wellbeing. From cell phones to wireless internet to home and office devices, most of the applications are converted from wired into wireless communication. Smart and advanced wireless communication environments represent the future technology and evolutionary development step in homes, hospitals, industrial, vehicular and transportation systems. A very appealing research area in these environments has been the wireless ad hoc, sensor and mesh networks. These networks rely on ultra low powered processing nodes that sense surrounding environment temperature, pressure, humidity, motion or chemical hazards, etc. Moreover, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver nodes of such networks require the design of transmitter and receiver equipped with high performance building blocks including antennas, power and low noise amplifiers, mixers and voltage controlled oscillators. Nowadays, the researchers are facing several challenges to design such building blocks while complying with ultra low power consumption, small area and high performance constraints. CMOS technology represents an excellent candidate to facilitate the integration of the whole transceiver on a single chip. However, several challenges have to be tackled while designing and using nanoscale CMOS technologies and require innovative idea from researchers and circuits designers. While major researchers and applications have been focusing on RF wireless communication, optical wireless communication based system has started to draw some attention from researchers for a terrestrial system as well as for aerial and satellite terminals. This renewed interested in optical wireless communications is driven by several advantages such as no licensing requirements policy, no RF radiation hazards, and no need to dig up roads besides its large bandwidth and low power consumption. This second part of the book, Mobile and Wireless Communications: Key Technologies and Future Applications, covers the recent development in ad hoc and sensor networks, the implementation of state of the art of wireless transceivers building blocks and recent development on optical wireless communication systems. We hope that this book will be useful for students, researchers and practitioners in their research studies.

This practical resource offers a thorough examination of RF transceiver design for MIMO communications. Offering a practical view on MIMO wireless systems, this book extends fundamental concepts on classic wireless transceiver design techniques to MIMO transceivers. This helps reader gain a very comprehensive understanding of the subject. This in-depth volume describes many theoretical and implementation challenges on MIMO transceivers and provides the practical solutions for these issues. This comprehensive book provides thorough descriptions of MIMO theoretical concepts, MIMO single carrier and OFDM modulation, RF transceiver design concepts, power amplifier, MIMO transmitter design techniques and their RF impairments, MIMO receiver design methods, RF impairments study including nonlinearity, DC-offset, I/Q imbalance and phase noise and their compensation in OFDM and MIMO techniques. In addition, it provides the most practical techniques to realize RF front-ends in MIMO systems. This book is supported with many design equations and illustrations. The first book dedicated to RF Transceiver design for MIMO systems, this volume serves as a current, one-stop guide offering you cost-effective solutions for your challenging projects in the field.

This book describes a new design methodology that allows optimization-based synthesis of RF systems in a hierarchical multilevel approach, in which the system is designed in a bottom-up fashion, from the device level up to the (sub)system level. At each level of the design hierarchy, the authors discuss methods that increase the design robustness and increase the accuracy and efficiency of the simulations. The methodology described enables circuit sizing and layout in a complete and automated integrated manner, achieving optimized designs in significantly less time than with traditional approaches.

Because they provide practical machine-to-machine communication at a very low cost, the popularity of wireless sensor networks is expected to skyrocket in the next few years, duplicating the recent explosion of wireless LANs. Wireless Sensor Networks: Architectures and Protocols describes how to build these networks, from the layers of the

This book comprises peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Energy and Advancement in Power Technologies (ICSEAPT-2021). The book includes peer-reviewed papers on renewable energy economics and policy, renewable energy resource assessment, operations management and sustainability, energy audit, global warming, waste and resource management, green energy deployment, green buildings, integration of green energy, energy efficiency, etc. The book serves as a valuable reference resource for academics and researchers across the globe.