This volume of selected papers from the second Critical Link conference (Vancouver, 1998) shows a marked evolution in Community Interpreting (CI) since the first Critical Link conference of 1995. In the intervening three years the field has advanced from pioneering to professionalization in response to new social needs created by the influx of immigrants into the developed countries, or by an awakened sensitivity to the rights of those countries' aboriginal peoples. Most of the papers discuss professionalization in terms of standards, tests and examinations; training; accreditation; and professional organizations that establish and administer professional standards. The collection reveals similar concerns about these issues throughout the world and a global focus on 'standards'. With a Foreword by Brian Harris.

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This book is a collection of papers presented in Stockholm, at the fourth Critical Link conference. The book is a well-balanced mix of academic research and texts of a more practical, professional character.The introducing article explicitly addresses the issue of professionalism and how this has been dealt with in research on interpreting. The following two sections provide examples of recent research, applying various theoretical approaches. Section four reports on the development of current, more or less local standards. Section five raises issues of professional ideology. The final section tells about new training initiatives and programmes. All contributions were selected because of their relevance to the theme of professionalisation of interpreting in the community. The volume is the fourth in a series, documenting the advance of a whole new empirical and professional field. It is of central interest for all people involved in this development, interpreters, researchers, trainers and others.

The Routledge Encyclopedia of Interpreting Studies is the authoritative reference for anyone with an academic or professional interest in interpreting. Drawing on the expertise of an international team of specialist contributors, this single-volume reference presents the state of the art in interpreting studies in a much more fine-grained matrix of entries than has ever been seen before. For the first time all key issues and concepts in interpreting studies are brought together and covered systematically and in a structured and accessible format. With all entries alphabetically arranged, extensively cross-referenced and including suggestions for further reading, this text combines clarity with scholarly accuracy and depth, defining and discussing key terms in context to ensure maximum understanding and ease of use. Practical and unique, this Encyclopedia of Interpreting Studies presents a genuinely comprehensive overview of the fast growing and increasingly diverse field of interpreting studies.

The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art account of the complex field of translation studies. Written by leading specialists from around the world, this volume brings together authoritative original articles on pressing issues including: the current status of the field and its interdisciplinary nature the problematic definition of the object of study the various theoretical frameworks the research methodologies available. The handbook also includes discussion of the most recent theoretical, descriptive and applied research, as well as glimpses of future directions within the field and an extensive up-to-date bibliography. The Routledge Handbook of Translation Studies is an indispensable resource for postgraduate students of translation studies.

This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 4th International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (SECON’23), held in Angamaly, Kerala, India, on 7-9 June 2023. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to sustainable construction and design for the future. The respective contributions address various aspects of numerical modeling and simulation in structural engineering, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, advanced analysis and design of foundations, BIM, building energy management, and technical project management. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, up-to-date tool and essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.

At conferences and in the literature on community interpreting there is one burning issue that reappears constantly: the interpreter s role. What are the norms by which the facilitators of communication shape their role? Is there indeed only one role for the community interpreter or are there several? Is community interpreting aimed at facilitating communication, empowering individuals by giving them a voice or, in wider terms, at redressing the power balance in society? In this volume scholars and practitioners from different countries address these questions, offering a representative sample of ongoing research into community interpreting in the Western world, of interest to all who have a stake in this form of interpreting. The opening chapter establishes the wider contextual and theoretical framework for the debate. It is followed by a section dealing with codes and standards and then moves on to explore the interpreter s role in various different settings: courts and police, healthcare, schools, occupational settings and social services.

This volume of selected papers from the second Critical Link conference (Vancouver, 1998) shows a marked evolution in Community Interpreting (CI) since the first Critical Link conference of 1995. In the intervening three years the field has advanced from pioneering to professionalization in response to new social needs created by the influx of immigrants into the developed countries, or by an awakened sensitivity to the rights of those countries’ aboriginal peoples. Most of the papers discuss professionalization in terms of standards, tests and examinations; training; accreditation; and professional organizations that establish and administer professional standards. The collection reveals similar concerns about these issues throughout the world and a global focus on ‘standards’. With a Foreword by Brian Harris.

Food security and the environment concepts and cnnections; Main concepts; Critical linkages; Resources and stakeholders; Resource endowments and transboundary resources; Stakeholders and institutions involved in food security and environmental security; The conplexity of insecurity in the Greater Horn; Conditions and trends; Root causes of food insecurity and environmental insecurity; Opportunities for food security and environmental security; Strategic principles; Options and opportunities for regional action; Reflections on prioity-setting and regional opportunities; Background information on WRI-IUCN project on food security and the environment in the Greater Horn of Africa; List of papers prepared by WRI, IUCN-EARO and collaborators for the project on food security and the environment in the Greater Horn of Africa.