Scientists examine tectonic faulting on all scales--from seismic fault slip to the formation of mountain ranges--and discuss its connection to a wide range of global phenomena, including long-term climate change and evolution. Tectonic faults are sites of localized motion, both at the Earth's surface and within its dynamic interior. Faulting is directly linked to a wide range of global phenomena, including long-term climate change and the evolution of hominids, the opening and closure of oceans, and the rise and fall of mountain ranges. In Tectonic Faults, scientists from a variety of disciplines explore the connections between faulting and the processes of the Earth's atmosphere, surface, and interior. They consider faults and faulting from many different vantage points--including those of surface analysts, geochemists, material scientists, and physicists--and in all scales, from seismic fault slip to moving tectonic plates. They address basic issues, including the imaging of faults from Earth's surface to the base of the lithosphere and deeper, the structure and rheology of fault rocks, and the role of fluids and melt on the physical properties of deforming rock. They suggest strategies for understanding the interaction of faulting with topography and climate, predicting fault behavior, and interpreting the impacts on the rock record and the human environment. Using an Earth Systems approach, Tectonic Faults provides a new understanding of feedback between faulting and Earth's atmospheric, surface, and interior processes, and recommends new approaches for advancing knowledge of tectonic faults as an integral part of our dynamic planet.

This book provides an introduction into the mechanics of faulting in the brittle crust of the Earth. It developed from my annual two-semester course on tectono mechanics for graduate students of engineering geology and of rock engineering at the Technical University of Graz (Austria). In this course, it is not my task to present a broad exposition and geometrical description of geological structures, but rather to focus on the mechanical processes that produce the structures. Although this was also the aim of my former book "Mechanics of Tectonic Faulting - Models and Basic Concepts" (1988, Elsevier), henceforth referred to as MTF, the present book is different in organisation and content, in order to meet the requirements of the courses and to include more recent developments. Instead of following the traditional subdivision into extensional, compressional and strike-slip faulting, the presentation focuses on mechanical aspects of tectonic faulting that are common to various, or even all types of tectonic faults in the brittle regime. In this way, geometrically disparate or dissimilar fault structures may be revealed as closely related by the underlying mechanical process, and complex structures may be better understood. It may be useful to indicate how the chapters in the book are organised. The first three chapters are an introduction to rock mechanics, tailored to applications in geology. It also presents the extremely useful graphical method of Mohr's stress circle, which is freely used throughout the book to keep the mathematics to an absolute minimum.

Understanding Faults: Detecting, Dating, and Modeling offers a single resource for analyzing faults for a variety of applications, from hazard detection and earthquake processes, to geophysical exploration. The book presents the latest research, including fault dating using new mineral growth, fault reactivation, and fault modeling, and also helps bridge the gap between geologists and geophysicists working across fault-related disciplines. Using diagrams, formulae, and worldwide case studies to illustrate concepts, the book provides geoscientists and industry experts in oil and gas with a valuable reference for detecting, modeling, analyzing and dating faults. - Presents cutting-edge information relating to fault analysis, including mechanical, geometrical and numerical models, theory and methodologies - Includes calculations of fault sealing capabilities - Describes how faults are detected, what fault models predict, and techniques for dating fault movement - Utilizes worldwide case studies throughout the book to concretely illustrate key concepts

This Volume brings together twelve contributions to a symposium held in hon our of GEORG MANDL at the University of Graz, Austria on December 1-2, 1995, in the year of his 70th anniversary. It is a tribute to a formidable scientist colleague and friend and a gift of gratitude to an inspiring leader and great in stigator. A man, who began as a theoretical physicist, made fundamental contri butions to the theory of transport processes in porous media and the mechanics of granular materials, but in his forties turned to structural geology and the me chanics of tectonic faulting - a subject that has since remained at the center of his interests and the understanding of which was substantially advanced by Georg Mandl's work. In addressing different aspects of tectonic faulting, mostly if not entirely from a theoretician's or modeler's point of view, the contribu tions to this Volume reveal some of the astonishing richness of the subject, the corresponding diversity in approaches and also challenges that lie ahead. They aptly evoke the broad scientific culture brought by Georg Mandl to the study of his favourite subject, a culture he had acquired in the course of a career in a nowadays rare environment of industrial research and which interested readers will find sketched in the Biographical Note included in this Volume. As such, as well as in their own right, the papers contributed to this Festschrift should be of interest to a wider community of Earth scientists.

The Alps, Carpathians and Dinarides form a complex, highly curved and strongly coupled orogenic system. Motions of the European and Adriatic plates gave birth to a number of 'oceans' and microplates that led to several distinct stages of collision. Although the Alps serve as a classical example of collisional orogens, it becomes clearer that substantial questions on their evolution can only be answered in the Carpathians and Dinarides. Our understanding of the geodynamic evolution of the Alpine-Dinaride-Carpathian System has substantially improved and will continue to develop; this is thanks to collaboration between eastern and western Europe, but also due to the application of new methods and the launch of research initiatives. The largely field-based contributions investigate the following subjects: pre-Alpine heritage and Alpine reactivation; Mesozoic palaeogeography and Alpine subduction and collision processes; extrusion tectonics from the Eastern Alps to the Carpathians and the Pannonian Basin; orogen-parallel and orogen-perpendicular extension; record of orogeny in foreland basins; tectonometamorphic evolution; and relations between the Alps, Apennines and Corsica.

Many faults appears to form persistent zones of weakness that fundamentally influence the distribution, arichitecture and movement patterns of crustal-scale deformation and associated processes in both continental and oceanic regions. They act as conduits for the focused migration of economically important fluids and also constitute one of the most important global geological hazards. This book brings together papers by an international group of Earth Scientists to discuss a broad range of topics centred upon the controls of fault weakening and the role of such faults during lithosphere deformation.

This monograph presents a unique combination of structural and tectonic modelling with applied petroleum geological problems. Focussing on the Norwegian Continental Shelf and neighbouring areas, it includes discussion covering all scales - from development of sedimentary basins, to formation of fractures and joints on a microscale - and from exploration, to the exploitation of hydrocarbons. The book's coverage of structural and tectonic modelling, petroleum geology applications, and the treatment of the Norwegian Continental Shelf should make this book an invaluable resource book for advanced students of structural and tectonic modelling, teachers, and researchers; as well as for geologists and geophysicists in the petroleum industry.

The volume is organized into three sections entitled Overview, Extensional Settings and Contractional Settings together with a glossary of terms having to do with strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation.

Presenting current and emerging technologies in the field of mine planning and equipment, this volume also covers control and automation for surface and underground mining. A wide range of papers from professionals in Europe, South America, Africa and Australia are featured.

This series, under the editorship of Professor H.J. Zwart, will deal with all topics within this field, such as: micro structures, large scale tectonics, experimental structural geology, fabrics, rock mechanics, and modelling in structural geology. The aim is to publish advanced level reference books to provide state-of-the-art reviews of these and other aspects of structural geology. This series will be of value to researchers and professionals in structural geology, rock mechanics, petroleum geology and tectonophysics.This first volume in the series deals with the mechanics of tectonic faulting and its central theme is the formation of faults in the tectonic stress field and the interaction between faults and stresses. The author, Dr. G. Mandl, was one of the top research people with Shell International Research. Part I of the book deals with the mechanical genesis of general fault features, such as fault shape and antithetic, precursory and secondary faulting and elaborates on these more general aspects within the context of specific tectono-mechanical models for extensional faulting and thrusting. Besides critical reviews, Part I contains a number of new or hitherto unpublished results, in particular on model experiments and numerical analyses. The central chapter of Part II presents a full introduction into mechanical theory and rock plasticity - the theory most adequate to tectonic faulting and therefore forming the backbone of the book. Besides presentations of basic concepts of stress and strain, special chapters are devoted to poro-elasticity and fluid flow through porous rocks. This branch of geomechanics requires a multidisciplinary approach that combines continuum mechanics, rock mechanics and structural geology, and applies theoretical, numerical and experimental methods, together with the study of field cases. The book has evolved from such multidisciplinary research and is written for structural geologists, petroleum geologists, engineering geologists, rock engineers and geophysicists whose work demands a similar approach. In addition, the book is intended to encourage mechanical engineers and even mathematicians to enter the fascinating and in parts still untilled fields of tectono-mechanical processes in the Earth's crust. The book is richly illustrated by drawings, photographs and reproductions of seismic records.