This edited book explores the most promising and reliable technological developments expected to impact on the next generation of desalination systems. The book includes research studies which takes the reader on a fascinating walk through the multidisciplinary world of membrane science applied to water treatment. Concerning the ultimate technological advancement, the book seeks to investigate how to bridge the gap between the laboratory scale and the applicability to industry.

Sustainable Water and Wastewater Processing covers the 12 most current topics in the field of sustainable water processing, with emphasis given to water as a resource (quality, supply, distribution, and aquifer recharge). Topics covered include emerging sustainable technologies for potable and wastewater treatment, water reuse and recycling, advanced membrane processes, desalination technologies, integrated and hybrid technologies, process modeling, advanced oxidative and catalytic processes, environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, industrial water treatment, reuse and recovery of materials, and emerging nanotechnology and biotechnology for water processing. Responding to the goals of sustainability requires the maximum utilization of all water resources, water processing with restricted energy costs and reduced greenhouse gas production. Following these trends, this book covers all the important aspects of sustainable water processing and support.

Sustainable Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses relevant sustainable technologies for water and wastewater treatment pertaining to a nanoscale approach to water treatment and desalination, membrane-based technologies for water recovery and reuse, the energy and water nexus, degradation of organic pollutants, nascent technologies, bio and bio-inspired materials for water reclamation and integrated systems, and an overview of wastewater treatment plants. The book focuses on advanced topics including in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals, which can aid in the indiscriminate oxidation of any contaminant present in wastewater, making advanced oxidation processes commercially viable. Features: A comprehensive review of current and novel water and wastewater treatment technologies from a sustainability perspective All the sustainable technologies, such as desalination, wastewater treatment, advanced oxidation processes, hydrodynamic cavitation, membrane-based technologies, sonosorption, and electrospun fibers Discussion on reference materials for important research accomplishments in the area of water and environmental engineering Theoretical aspects covering principles and instrumentation A summary on sustainability, including life cycle assessment (LCA), energy balance and large-scale implementation of advanced techniques This book is aimed at professionals, graduate students, and researchers in civil, chemical, environmental engineering, and materials science.

This edited book explores the most promising and reliable technological developments expected to impact on the next generation of desalination systems. The book includes research studies which takes the reader on a fascinating walk through the multidisciplinary world of membrane science applied to water treatment. Concerning the ultimate technological advancement, the book seeks to investigate how to bridge the gap between the laboratory scale and the applicability to industry.

One book dealing with the fundamentals of thermal and membrane desalination systems and discussing their economical as well as environmental aspects. With a growing population, climate change and greater water demand, desalination has increasingly become a part of the solution to regional water scarcity - seawater desalination capacity has roughly doubled in the past ten years. Desalination has also begun to receive more attention in academia, with research focusing on improving energy efficiency and system robustness and lowering capital costs. With this book, an introduction is given to the basics and fundamentals of desalination systems. Both, thermal and membrane desalination systems, are covered and discussed in view of energy, exergy, economic and environmental aspects. In the beginning, Introduction to Desalination: Systems, Processes and Environmental Impacts describes multi effect evaporation, vapor compression and multi-stage flashing. Further chapters deal with common membrane-based separations like reverse osmosis and membrane filtration, forward osmosis, diffusion dialysis and pervaporation as well as thermo-osmosis, electrodialysis and electrodeionization. Subsequently, hybrid systems are discussed, and the economic analysis of such systems and their environmental impact are highlighted. Each chapter contains theoretical and practical examples and concludes with questions and problems for self-study. * Needed: Desalination has become a part of the solution to regional water scarcity and an introductory book in this field is urgently needed. * Balanced Approach: Presents the fundamentals of thermal and membrane desalination systems. * Learning Material: Each chapter includes exercises for self-study and Instructors can find teaching material online. Introduction to Desalination: Systems, Processes and Environmental Impacts is an important resource for master's students in engineering sciences, lecturers in chemical and mechanical engineering, engineers, environmental chemists, as well as process engineers, engineering scientists in industry, and environmental consultants.

Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Bioelectrochemical Systems covers advancements in nanomaterial and nanocomposite applications for microbial fuel cells. One of the advantages of using microbial fuel cells is the simultaneous treatment of wastewater and the generation of electricity from complex organic waste and biomass, which demonstrates that microbial fuel cells are an active area of frontier research. The addition of microorganisms is essential to enhance the reaction kinetics. This type of fuel cell helps to convert complex organic waste into useful energy through the metabolic activity of microorganisms, thereby generating energy. By incorporating nano-scale fillers into the nanocomposite matrix, the performance of the anode material can be improved. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient fuel cells. - Describes the major nanomaterials and nanocomposites used in microbial fuel cells - Explains how microbial fuel cells are being used in renewable energy applications - Assesses the challenges of manufacturing nanomaterials for microbial fuel cells on an industrial scale

NEXT-GENERATION ALGAE This book brings together experts in relevant fields to describe the successful application of algae and their derivatives in agriculture, improving agricultural sustainability, harvesting and processing, food security, fishery, aquafarming, agriculture pollution, and state-of-the-art developments of algae in commercial and agriculture utilization. This book provides up-to-date and cutting-edge information on the application of algae in producing sustainable solutions to various challenges that arise from an increase in agricultural production, as well as its utilization in the bioremediation of industrial wastewater. Moreover, the book provides detailed information about the recent advancements in smart microalgae wastewater treatment using Internet of Things (IoT) and edge computing applications. Other topics covered include the use of microalgae in various applications; the use of algae to remove arsenic; algae’s role in plastic biodegradation, heavy metal bioremediation, and toxicity removal from industrial wastewater; the application of DNA transfer techniques in algae; the use of algae as food and in the production of food, ascorbic acid, health food, supplements, and food surrogates; relevant biostimulants and biofertilizers that could be derived from cyanobacterials and their role in sustainable agriculture; and algae’s application in the effective production of biofuels and bioenergy. Audience This book is aimed at a diverse audience including professionals, scientists, environmentalists, industrialists, researchers, innovators, and policymakers who have an interest in bioremediation technologies for extremely polluted environments, especially in water, air, and soil.

The research and development activities in energy conversion and storage are playing a significant role in our daily lives owing to the rising interest in clean energy technologies to alleviate the fossil-fuel crisis. Polymers are used in energy conversion and storage technology due to their low-cost, softness, ductility and flexibility compared to carbon and inorganic materials. Polymers in Energy Conversion and Storage provides in-depth literature on the applicability of polymers in energy conversion and storage, history and progress, fabrication techniques, and potential applications. Highly accomplished experts review current and potential applications including hydrogen production, solar cells, photovoltaics, water splitting, fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries. Chapters address the history and progress, fabrication techniques, and many applications within a framework of basic studies, novel research, and energy applications. Additional Features Include: Explores all types of energy applications based on polymers and its composites Provides an introduction and essential concepts tailored for the industrial and research community Details historical developments in the use of polymers in energy applications Discusses the advantages of polymers as electrolytes in batteries and fuel cells This book is an invaluable guide for students, professors, scientists and R&D industrial experts working in the field.

Desalination Sustainability: A Technical, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Approach presents a technical, socioeconomical, and environmental approach that guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools. The book offers the technical reader an understanding of the issues related to desalination sustainability. For example, technology users, such as public utility managers will gain the ability and tools to assess whether or not desalination is a good choice for a city or country. Readers will learn new insights on a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools, such as levelized cost of water (LCOW) calculation. Decision-makers will find this book to be a valuable resource for the preliminary assessment of whether renewable-powered desalination is a good choice for their particular setting. Presents the issues related to desalination sustainability Guides researchers and technology developers on how to quantify the energy efficiency of a proposed desalination process using thermodynamics-based tools Outlines a clear and practical methodology on how to probe the economic feasibility of desalination using simple and effective tools Provides a roadmap for decision-makers on the applicability of a desalination process at a particular setting

Engineering Principles, Modelling and Economics of Evaporative Coolers covers the basic engineering and technical principles behind the operation and construction of evaporative coolers, also highlighting challenges. The book presents the reader with selected case studies on modelling in the cooling chamber and explains the economic implications an evaporative structure can bring. Edited by a team of specialists, the book also explains the strong dependence of the technology's performance on environmental conditions, and hence the limits on temperature control in the preservation of post-harvest agriculture products. Evaporative coolers are an ancient technology, invented long before the introduction of chemical refrigerants as used in modern fridges or cooling towers. This two volume set covers the topic, with practical applications, construction techniques, and operation of the technology. - Thoroughly explores unit operations and engineering principles of evaporative coolers - Includes CFD modelling on evaporative cooling structures - Covers the economics of evaporative coolers