Captioning and Subtitling for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Audiences is a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of captioning and subtitling, a discipline that has evolved quickly in recent years. This guide is of a practical nature and contains examples and exercises at the end of each chapter. Some of the tasks stimulate reflection on the practice and reception, while others focus on particular captioning and SDH areas, such as paralinguistic features, music and sound effects. The requirements of d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences are analysed in detail and are accompanied by linguistic and technical considerations. These considerations, though shared with generic subtitling parameters, are discussed specifically with d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences in mind. The reader will become familiar with the characteristics of d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences, and the diversity – including cultural and linguistic differences – within this group of people. Based on first-hand experience in the field, the book also provides a step-by-step guide to making live performances accessible to d/Deaf and hard of hearing audiences. As well as exploring all linguistic and technical matters related to the creation of captions, aspects related to the overall set up of the captioned performance are discussed. The guide will be valuable reading to students of audiovisual translation at undergraduate and postgraduate level, to professional subtitlers and captioners, and to any organisation or venue that engages with d/Deaf and hard of hearing people.

The history of subtitles in Europe / Jan Ivarsson -- Screen translation in mainland China / Qian Shaochang -- Subtitling in Japan / Karima Fumitoshi -- The history of subtitling in Korea / Lee Young Koo -- The two worlds of subtitling : the case of vulgarisms and sexually-oriented language / Gilbert C.F. Fong -- A functional gap between dubbing and subtitling / He Yuanjian -- Subtitling as a multi-modal translation / Chuang Ying-ting -- Let the words do the talking : the nature and art of subtitling / Gilbert C.F. Fong -- A critical evaluation of a Chinese subtitled version of Hitchcock's Spellbound / Chapman Chen -- I translate, you adapt, they dub / Sergio Patou-Patucchi -- The translation of film dialogues for dubbing / Zhang Chunbai -- Loss of meaning in dubbing / Lu Danjun -- Dubbing and subtitling : art or craft? / Rupert Chan -- Translation imperative : synchronise discipline and technique / Janet Tauro -- Translating understanding and non-understanding through subtitling : a case study of a Finnish subtitled translation of Comme des Rois / Kari Jokelainen -- Translating subtitles for the Hong Kong audience : limitations and difficulties / Shu Kei -- Surtitling for Xiqu (Chinese opera) in the theatre / Jessica W.Y. Yeung -- The pedagogy of subtitling / Corinne Imhauser.

Subtitling: Concepts and Practices provides students, researchers and practitioners with a research-based introduction to the theory and practice of subtitling. The book, inspired by the highly successful Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling by the same authors, is a new publication reflecting the developments in practice and research that mark subtitling today, while considering the way ahead. It supplies the core concepts that will allow its users to acquaint themselves with the technical, linguistic and cultural features of this specific yet extremely diverse form of audiovisual translation and the many contexts in which it is deployed today. The book offers concrete subtitling strategies and contains a wealth of examples in numerous languages for dealing with specific translation problems. State-of-the art translation technologies and their impact on the profession are explored along with a discussion of the ways in which they cater for the socio-political, multicultural and multilingual challenges that audiovisual productions and their translations must meet today. A truly multimedia package, Subtitling: Concepts and Practices comes with a companion website which includes a wide range of exercises with answer keys, video clips, dialogue lists, a glossary of concepts and terminology used in the industry and much more. It also provides access to a professional desktop subtitle editor, Wincaps Q4, and a leading cloud-based subtitling platform, OOONA.

In most subtitling countries, those lines at the bottom of the screen are the most read medium of all, for which reason they deserve all the academic attention they can get. This monograph represents a large-scale attempt to provide such attention, by exploring the norms of subtitling for television. It does so by empirically investigating a large corpus of television subtitles from Scandinavia, one of the bastions of subtitling, along with other European data. The aim of the book is twofold: first, to provide an advanced and comprehensive model for investigating translation problems in the form of Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs). Second, to empirically explore current European television subtitling norms, and to look into future developments in this area. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in gaining access to state-of-the-art tools for translation analysis, or in learning more about the norms of subtitling, based on empirically reliable and current material.

From fansubbing, fan-generated translation, to user-generated translation, from amateur translation to social translation, non-professional subtitling has come a long way since its humble beginning in the 1980s. The prevailing technological affordance enables and mobilises the digital generation to turn subtitling into a method of self-expression and mediation, and their activities have made translation a more social and visible activity than ever before. This volume provides a comprehensive review of the current state of play of this user-generated subtitling phenomenon. It includes projects and research focusing on various aspects of non-professional subtitling, including the communities at work, the agents at play, the production conditions and the products. The perspectives in the book explore the role played by the agents involved in the emerging subtitling networks worldwide, and their impact on the communities is also discussed, based on empirical data generated from observations on active fansubbing communities. The collection demonstrates, from various viewpoints, the ways in which non-professional subtitling connects languages, cultures and communities in a global setting.

Based on sound research and first-hand experience in the field, Subtitling through Speech Recognition: Respeaking is the first book to present a comprehensive overview of the production of subtitles through speech recognition in Europe. Topics covered include the origins of subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing, the different methods used to provide live subtitles and the training and professional practice of respeaking around the world. The core of the book is devoted to elaborating an in-depth respeaking course, including the skills required before, during and after the respeaking process. The volume also offers detailed analysis of the reception of respeaking, featuring information about viewers’ preferences, comprehension and perception of respoken subtitles obtained with eye-tracking technology. Accompanying downloadable resources feature a wealth of video clips and documents designed to illustrate the material in the book and to serve as a basis for the exercises included at the end of each chapter. The working language of the book is English, but the downloadable resources also contain sample material in Dutch, French, Galician, German, Italian and Spanish. Subtitling through Speech Recognition: Respeaking is designed for use as a coursebook for classroom practice or as a handbook for self-learning. It will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as freelance and in-house language professionals. It will also find a reading public among broadcasters, cinema, theatre and museum managers, as well as the deaf and members of deaf associations, who may use the volume to support future campaigns and enhance the quality of the speech-to-text accessibility they provide to their members.

Subtitling serves two purposes: to translate the dialogue of foreign language films for secondary audiences (interlingual) and to transform the soundtrack of television programmes into written captions for deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers (intralingual). While both practices have strong linguistic roots, often being compared to text translation and editing, this book reveals the complex influences arising from the audiovisual environment. Far from being simply a matter of linguistic equivalence, the authors show how the effectiveness of subtitles is crucially dependent upon the hidden semiotic relations between text and image; relations which affect the meaning of the visual-linguistic message and the way in which that message is ultimately received. Focusing primarily on intralingual subtitling, The Semiotics of Subtitling adopts a holistic approach, combining linguistic theory with empirical eye-movement analysis in order to explore the full depth of the medium and the reading behaviour of viewers.

Subtitling: Concepts and Practices provides students, researchers and practitioners with a research-based introduction to the theory and practice of subtitling. The book, inspired by the highly successful Audiovisual Translation: Subtitling by the same authors, is a new publication reflecting the developments in practice and research that mark subtitling today, while considering the way ahead. It supplies the core concepts that will allow its users to acquaint themselves with the technical, linguistic and cultural features of this specific yet extremely diverse form of audiovisual translation and the many contexts in which it is deployed today. The book offers concrete subtitling strategies and contains a wealth of examples in numerous languages for dealing with specific translation problems. State-of-the art translation technologies and their impact on the profession are explored along with a discussion of the ways in which they cater for the socio-political, multicultural and multilingual challenges that audiovisual productions and their translations must meet today. A truly multimedia package, Subtitling: Concepts and Practices comes with a companion website which includes a wide range of exercises with answer keys, video clips, dialogue lists, a glossary of concepts and terminology used in the industry and much more. It also provides access to a professional desktop subtitle editor, Wincaps Q4, and a leading cloud-based subtitling platform, OOONA.

The late twentieth-century transition from a paper-oriented to a media-oriented society has triggered the emergence of Audiovisual Translation as the most dynamic and fastest developing trend within Translation Studies. The growing interest in this area is a clear indication that this discipline is going to set the agenda for the theory, research, training and practice of translation in the twenty-first century. Even so, this remains a largely underdeveloped field and much needs to be done to put Screen Translation, Multimedia Translation or the wider implications of Audiovisual Translation on a par with other fields within Translation Studies. In this light, this collection of essays reflects not only the “state of the art” in the research and teaching of Audiovisual Translation, but also the professionals' experiences. The different contributions cover issues ranging from reflections on professional activities, to theory, the impact of ideology on Audiovisual Translation, and the practices of teaching and researching this new and challenging discipline.In expanding further the ground covered by the John Benjamins' book (Multi)Media Translation (2001), this book seeks to provide readers with a deeper insight into some of the specific concepts, problems, aims and terminology of Audiovisual Translation, and, by this token, to make these specificities emerge from within the wider nexus of Translation Studies, Film Studies and Media Studies. In a quickly developing technical audiovisual world, Audiovisual Translation Studies is set to become the academic field that will address the complex cultural issues of a pervasively media-oriented society.

Essay from the year 2015 in the subject Interpreting / Translating , , language: English, abstract: This article sheds light on subtitling as one of the most important forms of translation which has a huge impact on modern communication worldwide. If written text-translation has ruled over intercultural communication over the previous centuries, subtitling drives most of the modern contemporary audiovisual productions proliferating in this globalized world, where international dialogue and interlingual communication have become so complex and so vitally important. In this perspective, the technological and artistic innovations advanced in the twentieth century such as the film industry and television broadcasting made imperative the emergence of new forms of translation such as subtitling, dubbing and drama translation.