Water stagnation and submergence are major factors in rice growing. Water stagnation and submergence happen as a result of excessive rainfall or flash floods. The duration of submergence can last several weeks, and the level of water may be as high as 100 cm. This impacts rice yields. This book analyzes different aspects, viz., morphology, physiology, biochemistry and genetics, and reviews the suitability of different varieties for better sustainability and reduction of yield loss. It also reviews the different types of floods, and studies biological changes in indigenous and recently developed rice varieties. There are seven chapters: Introduction, History of floods, Diversity of submergence, Adoptive morphology, Physiological aspects, Molecular and genetic aspects, and Yield and yield-gaps. It is comprehensive with scientific dogma, findings and reasonings for students at universities and researchers.

Purpose of physical measurements. Soil profile characterization. The soils component phases. Soil water pressure. Hydraulic conductivity. Macropores. Water requirement and percolation. Flow rate. Bearing capacity. Surface relief of a ricefield.

Status and prospects of direct seeded flooded rice in tropical Asia; Concepts for a new plant type for direct seeded flooded tropical rice; Rationale for a low-tillering rice plant type with high-density grains; Direct seeding practices in India; Research status and prospects of direct seeded rice in Korea; Direct seeding practices for rice in Sri Lanka; Direct seeded rice in the temperate climates of Australia, Italy, and the United States; Germination and crop establishment of direct seeded rice in the south of France; Problems with continuous seeding of rice in Malaysia; Field leveling and direct seeding methods for rice in Portugal; Direct seeding methods for rice in Venezuela; Fertilizer management in broadcast-seeded rice in Egypt; Using GA3, seed treatment in direct seeded rice in southern USA; Research priorities for direct seeded rice in the tropics.

Rice is a staple crop in many coastal and non-coastal areas of the globe and requires a large production area. With the increasing trends in population , it is pivotal to increase the production of this important crop for sustainability. The introduction of high-yielding rice cultivars through molecular breeding is one of the possibilities that can ensure sustainability. Additionally, development of new biotic and abiotic stress-resistant cultivars with higher nutritional value can revolutionize the rice industry.

Revised and updated selected papers from the 1992 International Rice Research Conference.

The steadily increasing cost of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in more emphasis on basic and applied studies to improve nitrogen use efficiency in lowland rice. The efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in farmers' fields is shockingly low ~ a luxury resource-scarce farmers in tropical Asia can ill afford. We believe it is critical to quantify the basic transformation processes and develop management practices for higher N use efficiency for two reasons. They are: 1. Nitrogen fertilizer together with water management is a key factor for achieving the yield potentials of modern rices. 2. Fertilizer nitrogen prices are high and most Asian rice farmers are poor. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines; Internation al Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), USA; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia; U.S. Universities (Louisiana, Cornell, California, Arkansas and others); and Dr Justus Leibig University in West Germany are actively engaged in individual or collaborative research that addresses basic transformation processes on N gains and losses and management practices to maximize N use efficiency in rice. It is appropriate to update and summarize, in a double issue of Fertilizer Research, the 10 papers presented at the special symposium organized by the American Society of Agronomy (ASA) at the 75th Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. in 1983. S.K. De Datta, Head of Agronomy Department, IRRI, was chairman of the International Agronomy Division of ASA (A-6) in 1982 and 1983.

Rice in Deep Water gives a detailed description of the complex agroecosystem and the growth and development of deepwater rice, a fascinating crop grown by subsistence farmers in the deltas and floodplains of Asia and West Africa flooding to depths of 2-3 metres. An account of the various cultural methods and socioeconomic conditions of the farmers is given, current research efforts to increase productivity discussed and research priorities suggested. The book is designed and profusely illustrated so as to emphasize the complexity and dynamic nature of plant and environment, an aspect so often poorly appreciated and misunderstood.