Minimizing theoretical background and mathematical formalism, Image Analysis sets forth the basic principles of image acquisition, enhancement, measurements, and interpretation in a very simple form, focused on applications and the properties of available tools. The author lists different tasks and offers complete solutions to these tasks based on his extensive experience with the procedures described. The book provides a multitude of illustrations, drawings, and bitmaps and serves as an outstanding resource for specialists using image analysis equipment, including technicians and students.

The investigation of the origin and formation of microstructures and the effect that microstructure has on the properties of materials are important issues in materials science and technology. Geometrical analysis is often the key to understanding the formation of microstructures and the resulting material properties. The authors make use of mathematical morphology, spatial statistics, image processing, stereology and stochastic geometry to analyze microstructures arising in materials science. * Quantitative microstructure analysis is one of the most successful experimental techniques in materials science * Uses examples to demonstrate the techniques * Program code included enables the reader to apply the numerous algorithms * Accessible to material scientists with limited statistical knowledge Primarily aimed at applied materials scientists, the book will also appeal to those working and researching in earth sciences, material technology, mineralogy, petrography, image analysis, cytology and biology.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the IX International Conference on STERMAT 2012: Stereology and Image Analysis in Materials Science, September 3 - 6, 2012, Zakopane, Poland

vi on geometric probability is included, students can be expected to create a few simple programs like those shown, but for other geometries. I am indebted to Tom Hare for critical reviews of the material and an endless enthusiasm to debate and derive stereological relationships; to John Matzka at Plenum Press for patiently instructing me in the intricacies of typesetting; to Chris Russ for helping to program many of these measurement techniques; and especially to Helen Adams, both for her patience with my creative fever to write yet another book, and for pointing out that the title, which I had intended to contrast to "theoretical stereology," can also be understood as the antonym of "impractical stereology." John C. Russ Raleigh,NC July, 1986 Chapter 1: Statistics 1 Accuracy and precision 1 The mean and standard deviation 5 Distributions 7 Comparison 13 Correlation 18 Nonlinear fitting 19 Chapter 2: Image Types 23 Planar sections 23 Projected images 25 Finite sections 28 Space-filling structures and dispersed phases 29 Types of images and contrast mechanisms 31 Sampling 32 Chapter 3: Manual Methods 35 Volume fraction 35 Surface density 38 Contiguity 41 Mean intercept length 42 Line density 43 Grain size determination 55 Curvature 48 Reticles to aid counting 49 Magnification and units 51 Chapter4: Size Distributions 53 Intercept length in spheres 53 Nonspherical shapes 57 Corrections for finite section thickness 59 Lamellae 61 Measurement of profile size 62 Nonspherical particles 69 vii Contents viii Chapter 5: Computer Metlwds 73

The progress of human civilization is punctuated with a number of land mark events in the course of development in science and technology. The attendant continued growth of knowledge with penetrating insights reveal the mysteries of nature and exercise profound influence on human thought. One such thought provoking discipline is image analysis, which made penetrating in-roads into the mysteries of materials and life sciences. This book is a compilation of selected, peer reviewed works received for presentation at SCIAMAL-99.

The peer reviewed papers cover the latest research results on Stereology and Image Analysis in Materials Science. The main topics are: applications in materials science and engineering, applications in biological materials, advances in microscopy, image processing and analysis, theoretical stereology and 3D modeling. Review from Book News Inc.: Stereology is an approach to extracting three-dimensional information from a two-dimensional sample. The 42 papers in this collection explore developments in the field, image analysis tools, three-dimensional data acquisition, and the image analysis of three-dimensional objects. The topics include changes in the molecular structure of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene under the influence of thermal and radiation modification and of time, intermetallic phases formation in the hot dip galvanizing process, stereological and statistical evaluation of grain size in experimental nickel-based and conventional supercoarse sintered carbides, the effect of material and technological conditions on the quality of metal matrix composite castings, and applying computer tomography to characterize the structure of a metallic-ceramic composite foam.

Unbiased Stereology, Second Edition is a practical guide to making unbiased 3-D measurements via the microscope. Only those stereological techniques which have been tried and tested by real application are included. Although this technology is essentially mathematical and statistical, the authors do not immerse the reader in complex analysis, but rather provide simple heuristic explanations and references to the original proof, and illustrate the theory by analogies drawn from everyday experience. To give practical experience in application of the techniques, exercises are provided at the end of each chapter, complete with detailed worked answers.

Setting out the principles of stereology from a statistical viewpoint, this book focuses on both basic theory and practical implications. The authors discuss ways to effectively communicate statistical issues to clients, draw attention to common methodological errors, and provide references to essential literature. The first full text on design-based stereology opens with a review of classical and modern stereology, followed by a treatment of mathematical foundations and then on to core techniques. The final chapters discuss implementing techniques in practical sampling designs, summarize understanding of the variance of stereological estimators, and describe open problems for further research. The book also details isotropic, vertical or local sampling designs for estimating stereological parameters such as volume, surface area, particle number and spatial distribution. This extensive text offers support to statistical consultants using examples, applications and unique Advice to Consultants sections. It contains numerous literature references, bibliographic notes and nearly 150 illustrations.

This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology, ISMM 2019, held in Saarbrücken, Germany, in July 2019. The 40 revised full papers presented together with one invited talk were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Theory, Discrete Topology and Tomography, Trees and Hierarchies, Multivariate Morphology, Computational Morphology, Machine Learning, Segmentation, Applications in Engineering, and Applications in (Bio)medical Imaging.

Taking and analyzing images of materials' microstructures is essential for quality control, choice and design of all kind of products. Today, the standard method still is to analyze 2D microscopy images. But, insight into the 3D geometry of the microstructure of materials and measuring its characteristics become more and more prerequisites in order to choose and design advanced materials according to desired product properties. This first book on processing and analysis of 3D images of materials structures describes how to develop and apply efficient and versatile tools for geometric analysis and contains a detailed description of the basics of 3d image analysis.