A general upgrade, with good external works site cost models, strong on composite items and more measured works. Now in its 36th edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2017 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. It covers all the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts, and forms an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractors and local authority managers – essential for compiling estimates, specifications, bills of quantities and works schedules – no matter what the size of the project being undertaken. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with internet access to this 2017 edition until the end of December 2017. We now provide a VitalSource® ebook, giving a versatile and powerful online data viewing package. This NRM edition includes the following new and significantly developed items: Acoustic fencing Architectural metalwork Block and beam systems Culverts Deep Concrete manholes to 3 m Headwalls Pre-cast steps New retaining walls And green roofs and sportsfields have now been broken down into details, rather than presented as a lump sum. All the standard features that you expect from SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK remain: material and measured work prices covering contract items from preliminaries and site clearance and encompassing the core external works activities with full breakdowns into labour, materials and other components detailed guidance on wage rates, landscape consultants’ fee scales an extensive Approximate Estimates section for rapid spot estimating updated, free of charge, two or three times a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk.

This year the rates in the book include contractor’s overheads and profit, making the book easier for design and planning professionals. Now in its 37th edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2018 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. It covers all the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts, and forms an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractors and local authority managers – essential for compiling estimates, specifications, bills of quantities and works schedules – no matter what the size of the project being undertaken. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with a VitalSource® ebook of this 2018 edition. This versatile and powerful online data viewing package is available for use until the end of December 2018. This NRM edition includes the following new items: BEGA external lighting Build-ups for Wienerberger Dutch paving bricks SUDS paving Alternative french drainage systems Pop-up power Porcelain paving Portland stone paving Portland stone walls and cladding And new Cost Models for commercial housing and civic environments. All the standard features that you expect from SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK remain: material and measured work prices covering contract items from preliminaries and site clearance and encompassing the core external works activities with full breakdowns into labour, materials and other components detailed guidance on wage rates, landscape consultants’ fee scales an extensive Approximate Estimates section for rapid spot estimating updates, free of charge, two or three times a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk

This year the rates in the book include contractor’s overheads and profit, making the book easier for design and planning professionals. Now in its 37th edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2018 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. It covers all the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts, and forms an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractors and local authority managers – essential for compiling estimates, specifications, bills of quantities and works schedules – no matter what the size of the project being undertaken. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with a VitalSource® ebook of this 2018 edition. This versatile and powerful online data viewing package is available for use until the end of December 2018. This NRM edition includes the following new items: BEGA external lighting Build-ups for Wienerberger Dutch paving bricks SUDS paving Alternative french drainage systems Pop-up power Porcelain paving Portland stone paving Portland stone walls and cladding And new Cost Models for commercial housing and civic environments. All the standard features that you expect from SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK remain: material and measured work prices covering contract items from preliminaries and site clearance and encompassing the core external works activities with full breakdowns into labour, materials and other components detailed guidance on wage rates, landscape consultants’ fee scales an extensive Approximate Estimates section for rapid spot estimating updates, free of charge, two or three times a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk

Now in its 41st edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2022 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. It covers all the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts, and forms an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractors and local authority managers - essential for compiling estimates, specifications, bills of quantities and works schedules - no matter what the size of the project being undertaken. The 2022 edition includes new stainless-steel products including: ventilation grilles; handrails; LED handrails; in ground power units; stainless steel bollards; stainless steel warning strips and studs and access covers. Also, an extended range of inspection chambers, new podium specialist soils and a new formwork system, as well as two new Cost Models, one for podiums and another for landscape maintenance. All the standard features that you expect from SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK remain: - material and measured work prices covering contract items from preliminaries and site clearance and encompassing the core external works activities with full breakdowns into labour, materials and other components - detailed guidance on wage rates, landscape consultants' fee scales - an extensive Approximate Estimates section for rapid spot estimating - updates, free of charge, twice a year - see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with an ebook of this 2022 edition on the VitalSource(R) Bookshelf platform, available for access and use until the end of December 2022.

Specifically written for contractors and small businesses carrying out small works, this second edition of Spon's Estimating Cost Guide to Small Groundworks, Landscaping Work and Gardening contains accurate information on thousands of rates, each broken down to labour, material overheads and profit. This is the first book to focus on this range of external work, including garden maintenance work on blocks of flats and individual houses, schools and sports fields, garden makeovers, laying patios and paths, small land drainage schemes on farmland, and small-scale local authority maintenance work.

Now in its 40th edition, Spon's External Works and Landscape Price Book 2021 offers the only comprehensive source of information for detailed external works and landscape costs. It covers all the items to be found in hard and soft landscape contracts, and forms an indispensable reference book for quantity surveyors, landscape architects, contractors and local authority managers – essential for compiling estimates, specifications, bills of quantities and works schedules – no matter what the size of the project being undertaken. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with an ebook of this 2021 edition on the VitalSource® Bookshelf platform, available for access and use until the end of December 2021. This NRM edition provides a revised and updated street furniture section. It also includes several new items: Kinley systems – Metal edgings and systems for landscapes and podiums New cost evaluations of water features Stainless steel landscape channel drainage All the standard features that you expect from SPON'S EXTERNAL WORKS AND LANDSCAPE PRICE BOOK remain: • material and measured work prices covering contract items from preliminaries and site clearance and encompassing the core external works activities with full breakdowns into labour, materials and other components • detailed guidance on wage rates, landscape consultants’ fee scales • an extensive Approximate Estimates section for rapid spot estimating • updates, free of charge, twice a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk

Construction prices rose over the last year by 5%, according to AECOM’s tender price index, with construction price inflation continuing to run above the long-run average. The main drivers are rising input costs. Producer price indices have moved up at a clip in recent quarters, with sharp increases in prices for materials and fuels consumed by UK manufacturers. Demand- and supply-side factors make the probability of short-term price falls very slim. SPON’S ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ PRICE BOOK 2018, compiled by AECOM, still provides the most accurate, detailed and professionally relevant construction price information for the UK. Its unique Tender Index, updated through the year, gives an ongoing reality check and allows you to adjust for changing market conditions. Although it suits a wide range of project sizes, this is the only price book which sets out a detailed cost base for contracts exceeding £4,000,000 in value. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with a VitalSource® ebook of this 2018 edition. This versatile and powerful online data viewing package is available for use until the end of December 2018. Major changes have been made to this 143rd edition: New Cost Models for a retail distribution unit, a palliative care unit, and a cinema As well as an overhaul of prices, several new items have been added, including: An expanded range of beam & block flooring Rainwater harvesting – with a precast concrete tank A precast concrete flow attenuation system Precast concrete communication boxes ... along with the standard features you have come to expect from SPON’S ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ PRICE BOOK: 20,000 prices for the most frequently specified items, the majority with labour constants and detailed build-ups. Hundreds of alternative materials prices for the more unusual items. Detailed guidance on wage rates, daywork, cost limits and allowances, property insurance and professional fees, plus useful formulae, design criteria and trade association addresses. Updates, free of charge, two or three times a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

SPON’S ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ PRICE BOOK 2019, compiled by AECOM, still provides the most accurate, detailed and professionally relevant construction price information for the UK. Its unique Tender Index, updated through the year, gives an ongoing reality check and allows you to adjust for changing market conditions. Although it suits a wide range of project sizes, this is the only price book which sets out a detailed cost base for contracts exceeding £4,000,000 in value. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with an ebook of this 2019 edition on the VitalSource® Bookshelf platform. This versatile and powerful online data viewing package is available for use until the end of December 2019. As well as an overhaul of prices, several new items have been added, including: Semi and automatic pedestrian doors -- revolving, sliding, and swing An expanded range of industrial shutter doors Industrial docks and shelters An expanded range of aluminium gutters ... along with the standard features you have come to expect from SPON’S ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ PRICE BOOK: 20,000 prices for the most frequently specified items, the majority with labour constants and detailed build-ups. Hundreds of alternative materials prices for the more unusual items. Detailed guidance on wage rates, daywork, cost limits and allowances, property insurance and professional fees, plus useful formulae, design criteria and trade association addresses. Updates, free of charge, two or three times a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk

Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.