This SpringerBrief provides an in-depth look at the key issues that affect the performance of heterogeneous networks and presents schemes that can effectively tackle these issues. In particular, this book discusses unbalanced traffic load among the macro and micro Base Stations (BSs) caused by the transmit power disparity, and a load-balancing based mobile association scheme to balance the traffic load among the macro and micro BSs. This book also introduces a fractional frequency reuse (FFR) scheme with proper power control to help reduce interference at the UEs which are most vulnerable to such intra-cell interference. The last section investigates radio resource allocation issues for heterogeneous networks with cooperative relays, and proposes a resource allocation framework that could achieve proportional fairness among the UEs. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions in tackling the problem and improving network performance. Resource Management for Heterogeneous Networks in LTE-A Systems is designed for researchers and professionals working in networking and resource management. The content is also valuable for advanced-level students in computer science and electrical engineering.

A comprehensive summary of theoretical and practical developments in LTE Heterogeneous Networks The last decade has witnessed the proliferation of mobile broadband data and the trend is likely to increase in the coming years. Current cellular networks are ill equipped to deal with this surge in demand. To satisfy user demand and maximize profits, a new paradigm to operate networks is needed. Heterogeneous networks, that deploy an overlay of small cells with limited coverage and transmit power, over a macro coverage area is the solution by providing capacity and coverage where it is needed. This book presents a comprehensive overview of small cell based heterogeneous networks within the framework of 3GPP LTE-Advanced which is the major enabler of current and future heterogeneous networks. The book first establishes the basics of LTE standards 8 -10. Wherever relevant, the underlying theory of wireless communications is explained and the signaling and protocol aspects of LTE Releases 8-10 are presented. Next the book presents a systematic study of the inter cell interference (eICIC and FeICIC) mechanisms that have been standardized in LTE releases 10 and 11 to mitigate the interference arising in heterogeneous networks. From simple blank subframe design and implementation, the book discusses more advanced transceiver signal processing and carrier aggregation (CA) based mechanisms to improve performance. Besides data, control channel enhancements such as enhanced PDCCH (ePDCCH) are also discussed. Subsequently the book discusses the possibility of base stations being allowed to coordinate to manage interference. This technique, called CoMP, has the potential of vastly improving network performance. However several practical challenges first have to be overcome before this potential can be realized. The book presents the different CoMP categories introduced in LTE release 11, the required signal processing and the changes that were introduced in Release-11 for supporting CoMP. The book then presents the state of the art developments in heterogeneous networks that are currently taking place in 3GPP with the initiation of Release 12. A whole array of new technologies have been introduced such as dynamic switching of small cells, new carrier types with reduced control signaling, dynamic reconfiguration of TDD-LTE, joint configuration of TDD and FDD via carrier aggregation and lastly advanced MIMO signal processing with three dimensional beamforming. All these technologies will work in unison leading to efficient operations of small cells. The authors thus comprehensively summarize the advances in heterogeneous networks over the last couple of years as reflected in various LTE releases and then look ahead at what to expect in the future. Fully illustrated throughout and with an accompanying website including Matlab code for simulating heterogeneous networks, LTE channel models, and References to 3GPP specifications, contributions, and updates on recent standardization activities. The authors, being involved in LTE standardization, are well placed to give an excellent view on this topic, including valuable background and design rationale. A comprehensive summary of wireless communications theory and practical developments in LTE heterogeneous networks. Authors are experts in this field and are active members in standardization proceedings, enabling up-to-date coverage of current developments Multiple case studies explain network design optimization of various heterogeneous network deployments. Accompanying website includes Matlab code for simulating heterogeneous networks, LTE channel models, and References to 3GPP specifications, contributions, and updates on recent standardization activities Essential reading for Engineers and practitioners in wireless industry.

This book provides an in-depth discussion on how to efficiently manage resources of heterogeneous wireless networks and how to design resource allocation algorithms to suit real world conditions. Efficiently managing resources of the networks is more crucial now, than ever before, to meet users’ rapidly increasing demand for higher data rates, better quality-of-service (QoS) and seamless coverage. Some of the techniques that can be incorporated within heterogeneous wireless networks to achieve this objective are interworking of the networks, user multi-homing and device-to-device (D2D) communication. Designing resource allocation algorithms to suit real world conditions is also important, as the algorithms should be deployable and perform well in real networks. For example, two of the conditions considered in this book are resource allocation intervals of different networks are different and small cell base stations have limited computational capacity. To address the first condition, resource allocation algorithms for interworking systems are designed to allocate resources of different networks at different time-scales. To address the second condition, resource allocation algorithms are designed to be able to run at cloud computing servers. More of such conditions, algorithms designed to suit these conditions, modeling techniques for various networks and performance analysis of the algorithms are discussed in the book. This book concludes with a discussion on the future research directions on the related fields of study. Advanced-level students focused on communication and networking will use this book as a study guide. Researchers and experts in the fields of networking, converged networks, small-cell networks, resource management, and interference management, as well as consultants working in network planning and optimization and managers, executives and network architects working in the networking industry will also find this book useful as a reference.

Covering the key functional areas of LTE Self-Organising Networks (SON), this book introduces the topic at an advanced level before examining the state-of-the-art concepts. The required background on LTE network scenarios, technologies and general SON concepts is first given to allow readers with basic knowledge of mobile networks to understand the detailed discussion of key SON functional areas (self-configuration, -optimisation, -healing). Later, the book provides details and references for advanced readers familiar with LTE and SON, including the latest status of 3GPP standardisation. Based on the defined next generation mobile networks (NGMN) and 3GPP SON use cases, the book elaborates to give the full picture of a SON-enabled system including its enabling technologies, architecture and operation. ”Heterogeneous networks” including different cell hierarchy levels and multiple radio access technologies as a new driver for SON are also discussed. Introduces the functional areas of LTE SON (self-optimisation, -configuration and –healing) and its standardisation, also giving NGMN and 3GPP use cases Explains the drivers, requirements, challenges, enabling technologies and architectures for a SON-enabled system Covers multi-technology (2G/3G) aspects as well as core network and end-to-end operational aspects Written by experts who have been contributing to the development and standardisation of the LTE self-organising networks concept since its inception Examines the impact of new network architectures (“Heterogeneous Networks”) to network operation, for example multiple cell layers and radio access technologies

This authoritative resource offers a comprehensive overview of heterogeneous wireless networks, small cells, and device-to-device (D2D) communications. The book provides insight into network modeling and performance analysis of heterogeneous wireless networks. Interference management framework and design issues are covered as well as details about resource mobility, channel models, and typical and statistical interference modeling. This resource explains leveraging resource heterogeneity in interference mitigation and presents the challenges and feasible solutions for concurrent transmission. Moreover, complete coverage of interference alignment in MIMO heterogeneous networks for both downlink and uplink is presented. This book provides performance results for an ideal partially connected interference network as well as a practical heterogeneous network. Readers find practical guidance for LTE and LTE-Advanced as well as 5G in this resource. New techniques and designs for heterogeneous wireless networks are included.

This book focuses on LTE with full updates including LTE-Advanced (Release-11) to provide a complete picture of the LTE system. Detailed explanations are given for the latest LTE standards for radio interface architecture, the physical layer, access procedures, broadcast, relaying, spectrum and RF characteristics, and system performance. Key technologies presented include multi-carrier transmission, advanced single-carrier transmission, advanced receivers, OFDM, MIMO and adaptive antenna solutions, radio resource management and protocols, and different radio network architectures. Their role and use in the context of mobile broadband access in general is explained, giving both a high-level overview and more detailed step-by-step explanations. This book is a must-have resource for engineers and other professionals in the telecommunications industry, working with cellular or wireless broadband technologies, giving an understanding of how to utilize the new technology in order to stay ahead of the competition. New to this edition: - In-depth description of CoMP and enhanced multi-antenna transmission including new reference-signal structures and feedback mechanisms - Detailed description of the support for heterogeneous deployments provided by the latest 3GPP release - Detailed description of new enhanced downlink control-channel structure (EPDDCH) - New RF configurations including operation in non-contiguous spectrum, multi-bands base stations and new frequency bands - Overview of 5G as a set of well-integrated radio-access technologies, including support for higher frequency bands and flexible spectrum management, massive antenna configurations, and ultra-dense deployments - Covers a complete update to the latest 3GPP Release-11 - Two new chapters on HetNet, covering small cells/heterogeneous deployments, and CoMP, including Inter-site coordination - Overview of current status of LTE release 12 including further enhancements of local-area, CoMP and multi-antenna transmission, Machine-type-communication, Device-to-device communication

This brief investigates the role of interference management in Heterogeneous Networks (Het Nets), focusing on cognitive approaches and the use of beamforming. Key concepts of Het Nets are introduced and different deployment strategies are examined, such as sharing the same frequency band of the macro cells or using new high frequency bands. Particular attention is devoted to co-channel deployment and to the problem of interference management, addressing various strategies that can be adopted to handle the interference between the cells. In addition, the brief explores cognitive small cells which are able to avoid or limit interference by using suitable beamforming and resource allocation schemes. The suggested solutions are supported by numerical results in terms of performance evaluations and comparisons.

A timely publication providing coverage of radio resourcemanagement, mobility management and standardization inheterogeneous cellular networks The topic of heterogeneous cellular networks has gained momentumin industry and the research community, attracting the attention ofstandardization bodies such as 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.16j, whoseobjectives are looking into increasing the capacity and coverage ofthe cellular networks. This book focuses on recentprogresses, covering the related topics including scenariosof heterogeneous network deployment, interference management in theheterogeneous network deployment, carrier aggregation in aheterogeneous network, cognitive radio, cell selection/reselectionand load balancing, mobility and handover management, capacity andcoverage optimization for heterogeneous networks, trafficmanagement and congestion control. This book enables readers to better understand the technicaldetails and performance gains that are madepossible by this state-of-the-art technology. It contains theinformation necessary for researchers and engineers wishing tobuild and deploy highly efficient wireless networks themselves. Toenhance this practical understanding, the book is structured tosystematically lead the reader through a series of case-studies ofreal world scenarios. Key features: Presents this new paradigm in cellular network domain: aheterogeneous network containing network nodes with differentcharacteristics such as transmission power and RF coveragearea Provides a clear approach by containing tables, illustrations,industry case studies, tutorials and examples to cover the relatedtopics Includes new research results and state-of-the-arttechnological developments and implementation issues

In the ever-evolving telecommunication industry, smart mobile computing devices have become increasingly affordable and powerful, leading to significant growth in the number of advanced mobile users and their bandwidth demands. Due to this increasing need, the next generation of wireless networks needs to enable solutions to bring together broadband, broadcast, and cellular technologies for global consumers. Paving the Way for 5G Through the Convergence of Wireless Systems provides innovative insights into wireless networks and cellular coexisting solutions that aim at paving the way towards 5G. Through examining data offloading, cellular technologies, and multi-edge computing, it addresses coexistence problems at different levels (i.e., physical characteristics, open access, technology-neutrality, economic characteristics, healthcare, education, energy, etc.), influencing networks to provide solutions for next generation wireless networks. Bridging research and practical solutions, this comprehensive reference source is ideally designed for graduate-level students, IT professionals and technicians, engineers, academicians, and researchers.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the underlying theory, design techniques and analytical results of wireless communication networks, focusing on the core principles of wireless network design. It elaborates the network utility maximization (NUM) theory with applications in resource allocation of wireless networks, with a central aim of design and the QoS guarantee. It presents and discusses state-of-the-art developments in resource allocation and performance optimization in wireless communication networks. It provides an overview of the general background including the basic wireless communication networks and the relevant protocols, architectures, methods and algorithms.