Knowledge about distances---along with knowledge about spatial direction---is one of the most important fundamentals for a cognitive agent's orientation, navigation, and route planning. However, only some distances can be perceived directly. Therefore, knowledge about distances must often be inferred from other sources of information. In cognitive science research on spatial cognition, this is investigated in different ways, using empirical studies, computer simulations, and knowledge representation approaches. This book presents a comprehensive interdisciplinary study of human distance cognition. It discusses results on knowledge about distances from artificial intelligence research and cognitive psychology, proposing an integrating formal framework. Focusing on knowledge about route distances, it then presents a computational model of the way in which humans infer knowledge about distances in environmental spaces like cities or buildings.

A close relationship exists between GIS and numerous applications, including cartography, photogrammetry, geodesy, surveying, computer and information science, and statistics, among others. Scientists coined the term "geographic information science (GIScience)" to describe the theory behind these fields. A Research Agenda for Geographic Information

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Spatial Information Theory, COSIT'97, held in Laurel Highlands, Pennsylvania, USA, in October 1997. The 31 revised full papers presented were carefully selected from a total of 66 submissions. Also included are seven posters. The volume is divided into sections on representations of change, structuring of space, boundaries and gradations, topological models of space, formal models of space, cognitive aspects of spatial acquisition, novel use of spatial information, wayfinding and map interpretation, representations of spatial concepts, new approaches to spatial information.

This book gathers peer-reviewed papers presented at the 1st International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Image and Imagination (IMG 2019), held in Alghero, Italy, in July 2019. Highlighting interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary research concerning graphics science and education, the papers address theoretical research as well as applications, including education, in several fields of science, technology and art. Mainly focusing on graphics for communication, visualization, description and storytelling, and for learning and thought construction, the book provides architects, engineers, computer scientists, and designers with the latest advances in the field, particularly in the context of science, arts and education.

This third volume documents the results achieved within a priority program on spatial cognition funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG). The 23 revised full papers presented went through two rounds of reviewing and improvement and reflect the increased interdisciplinary cooperation in the area. The papers are organized in topical sections on routes and navigation, human memory and learning, spatial representation, and spatial reasoning.

Modern technology has infiltrated many facets of society, including educational environments. Through the use of virtual learning, educational systems can become more efficient at teaching the student population and break down cost and distance barriers to reach populations that traditionally could not afford a good education. Virtual Reality in Education: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an essential reference source on the uses of virtual reality in K-12 and higher education classrooms with a focus on pedagogical and instructional outcomes and strategies. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as immersive virtual learning environments, virtual laboratories, and distance education, this publication is an ideal reference source for pre-service and in-service teachers, school administrators, principles, higher education faculty, K-12 instructors, policymakers, and researchers interested in virtual reality incorporation in the classroom.

Spatial decisions and processes are fundamental to the understanding of spatial structure. In the earlier stages of spatial analysis proposed explanations were typically on the aggregate, phenomenological level. Now a new field has evolved and matured which calls for a deeper understanding of spatial structure with a particular emphasis on spatial decisions and processes. The present volume serves as a guide and as an anthology by discussing a wide variety of new modelling approaches, techniques and issues related to spatial decision and processes and drawing these seemingly disparate, but interlocking parts together.

Among the more dynamic topics in science are Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory. In this eBook the reader will find fresh reviews and research papers illustrating diverse approaches, which will be seminal in the future.

The two volumes LNCS 5863 and 5864 constitute the proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2009, held in Bangkok, Thailand, in December 2009. The 145 regular session papers and 53 special session papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 466 submissions. The papers are structured in topical sections on cognitive science and computational neuroscience, neurodynamics, mathematical modeling and analysis, kernel and related methods, learning algorithms, pattern analysis, face analysis and processing, image processing, financial applications, computer vision, control and robotics, evolutionary computation, other emerging computational methods, signal, data and text processing, artificial spiking neural systems: nonlinear dynamics and engineering applications, towards brain-inspired systems, computational advances in bioinformatics, data mining for cybersecurity, evolutionary neural networks: theory and practice, hybrid and adaptive systems for computer vision and robot control, intelligent data mining, neural networks for data mining, and SOM and related subjects and its applications.

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.