Contributed articles.

In India every year many people die and suffer due to medical negligence. This medical negligence is contributed by either the medical doctor or the clinical establishment like hospitals or nursing homes or diagnostic centers. This book is about the medical negligence occurring in India and the legal aspect in dealing with the medical negligence. The ones who suffer from medical negligence are often misguided and they never get the proper resolution or justice and they end up wasting money here and there without approaching the appropriate authority. This book gives a overview to all the sufferers where and how to address their grievances. This book also serves as a guide book for the lawyers who want to know the procedure to deal with medical negligence cases. This book is also helpful to the doctors who want themselves to be on the safer side for treating patients without committing any negligence.

This collection of 21 articles is designed to serve as a state-of-the art reference book for intersexuals, their parents, health care professionals, ethics committee members, and anyone interested in problems associated with intersexuality. It fills an important need because of its uniqueness as an interdisciplinary effort, bringing together not just urologists and endocrinologists, but gynecologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, lawyers, theologians, gender theorists, medical historians, and philosophers. Most contributors are well-known experts on intersexuality in their respective fields. The book is also unique in that it is also an international effort, including authors from England, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, India, Canada and the United States. The book begins with introductory chapters on the etiology of intersex conditions, conceptual clarification, legal issues, and reflections about the inherent characteristics of medical care that have led up to the issues we face today and explain the resistance to change in traditional practices. Researchers provide recent data on gender identity, surgical outcomes, and appropriate clinical care. Issues never having been addressed are introduced. The significance of intersexuality for Christianity and for philosophical concerns with authenticity add further depth to the collection. The final chapters deal with future possibilities in the treatment of intersex and for intersex advocacy.

The purpose of this thorough handbook is to offer aspiring healthcare professionals a strong fundamental understanding of the paramedical sciences discipline. This book serves as a great resource for individuals contemplating a career in paramedical fields such as medical lab technicians or emergency medical technicians. It provides guidance and support in navigating the educational pathway associated with these professions. The paramedical profession encompasses a broad and ever-evolving domain that centers on the provision of prompt medical care during critical circumstances, the execution of medical examinations, and the provision of support to medical practitioners and surgeons. Paramedics serve as the primary responders in emergency situations, undertaking the critical tasks of promptly addressing crises, providing necessary stabilization measures, and facilitating the secure transportation of patients to appropriate medical establishments. This profession, which is both demanding and fulfilling, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of several knowledge domains and a diverse set of abilities. The purpose of this guide is to provide the essential principles required to achieve excellence in this sector. In this book, an exploration will be undertaken to examine the fundamental principles of paramedical studies, encompassing a diverse array of subjects such as anatomy and physiology, medical procedures, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and various other areas of study. The primary aim of this tutorial is not solely to furnish theoretical knowledge. It is vital to acknowledge that although this guide functions as a dependable initial reference, it should not be regarded as a replacement for official schooling or professional training. The discipline of paramedical is characterized by its continuous evolution, necessitating the pursuit of continued professional development in order to remain abreast of the most recent breakthroughs and optimal methodol

Physician-Assisted Death is the eleventh volume of Biomedical Ethics Reviews. We, the editors, are pleased with the response to the series over the years and, as a result, are happy to continue into a second decade with the same general purpose and zeal. As in the past, contributors to projected volumes have been asked to summarize the nature of the literature, the prevailing attitudes and arguments, and then to advance the discussion in some way by staking out and arguing forcefully for some basic position on the topic targeted for discussion. For the present volume on Physician-Assisted Death, we felt it wise to enlist the services of a guest editor, Dr. Gregg A. Kasting, a practicing physician with extensive clinical knowledge of the various problems and issues encountered in discussing physician assisted death. Dr. Kasting is also our student and just completing a graduate degree in philosophy with a specialty in biomedical ethics here at Georgia State University. Apart from a keen interest in the topic, Dr. Kasting has published good work in the area and has, in our opinion, done an excellent job in taking on the lion's share of editing this well-balanced and probing set of essays. We hope you will agree that this volume significantly advances the level of discussion on physician-assisted euthanasia. Incidentally, we wish to note that the essays in this volume were all finished and committed to press by January 1993.

In an era marked by unprecedented advancements in medical science and technology, the interface between ethics and medicine has become more critical than ever before. The complexities of modern medical practices, coupled with evolving social values, have necessitated the establishment of a robust framework that addresses the ethical dilemmas inherent in healthcare. This is where the realm of bioethics intertwines with the legal landscape to guide medical professionals, policymakers, and society at large.

The last fifteen years have seen a tremendous growth in the number of health rights cases focusing on issues such as access to health services and essential medications. This volume examines the potential of litigation as a strategy to advance the right to health by holding governments accountable for these obligations. It includes case studies from Costa Rica, South Africa, India, Brazil, Argentina and Colombia, as well as chapters that address cross-cutting themes. The authors analyze what types of services and interventions have been the subject of successful litigation and what remedies have been ordered by courts. Different chapters address the systemic impact of health litigation efforts, taking into account who benefits both directly and indirectly—and what the overall impacts on health equity are.

A physician says, "I have an ethical obligation never to cause the death of a patient," another responds, "My ethical obligation is to relieve pain even if the patient dies." The current argument over the role of physicians in assisting patients to die constantly refers to the ethical duties of the profession. References to the Hippocratic Oath are often heard. Many modern problems, from assisted suicide to accessible health care, raise questions about the traditional ethics of medicine and the medical profession. However, few know what the traditional ethics are and how they came into being. This book provides a brief tour of the complex story of medical ethics evolved over centuries in both Western and Eastern culture. It sets this story in the social and cultural contexts in which the work of healing was practiced and suggests that, behind the many different perceptions about the ethical duties of physicians, certain themes appear constantly, and may be relevant to modern debates. The book begins with the Hippocratic medicine of ancient Greece, moves through the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Enlightenment in Europe, and the long history of Indian 7nd Chinese medicine, ending as the problems raised modern medical science and technology challenge the settled ethics of the long tradition.

Medical malpractice, perceived and actual, especially in the current environment of fast paced technological advances, is among the most critical health issues in India today. Related litigation has been increasing year by year, especially since the coming into force of the Consumer Protection Act. 1986. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed survey of the law under the Consumer Protection Act, the law of torts, as well as the Penal Code. It explains how the law operates in the country in the background of increasing doctor- patient conflict and rights consciousness among patients, the ignorance of doctors about law, and the complex problems faced by doctors in public hospitals. It analyses all major cases to date. In parts it addresses doctors in particular and provides guidelines and check lists to help them avoid charges of negligence. It throws significant light on issues relating to medicine and ethics, the duties of doctors, the rights and responsibilities of patients, defences available to doctors, likely areas of litigation in individual medical specialities and types of surgery, and the 'consent' of patients. The book also examines relevant law and cases from other countries.