The issue of large-scale cyber-attacks on the internet has moved up the international agenda recently. This inquiry looks at how States and their major organisations can defend themselves and their critical information infrastructures (CIIs) against such attacks. Whilst individual States bear primary responsibility for their critical national infrastructure (CNI), the infrastructures are heavily interdependent. The Internet is a 'global network of networks' and individual States cannot be viewed in isolation. The Committee therefore concludes that continuing intervention at EU level was appropriate and that all Member States have an interest in bringing the defences of the least protected up. The Committee also looked at ENISA, the European Network and Information Security Agency, and they believe that with a widening of its mandate it can play a more significant part in the developments envisaged.

Government and Commission responses Session 2009-10 : 4th report of Session 2010-11

This book offers a comprehensive overview of the international law applicable to cyber operations. It is grounded in international law, but is also of interest for non-legal researchers, notably in political science and computer science. Outside academia, it will appeal to legal advisors, policymakers, and military organisations.

Following the Treaty of Lisbon, The European Council has been given the power to adopt and implement an internal security strategy. it did so in March 2010, and this was followed in November by a Commission communication setting out the priorities, and how to implement them. The communication sets out five steps towards a more secure Europe: The disruption of international crime networks, The prevention of terrorism, security in cyberspace, improved border management, and increased resilience to crises and disasters. Of these cyber-security is a comparative newcomer and it is now clear that it can lead to massive disruption of state infrastructure, and can be used for espionage, terrorism, even war. As such, much of the evidence received concerned the role which the EU might play in fighting cyber-attacks. The Commission's main proposal is to set up a new Cybercrime Centre. This might be no more than a talking shop, but it could become a useful tool for investigating and analysing past attacks, improving law enforcement and preventing future attacks. Much will depend on whether it is given adequate resources. The Committee looked at the implementation of the strategy and at the way in which it overlaps with national and international strategies, In the hope that they can be mutually supportive. The Council has a new committee, which, under the Treaties, has the duty of coordinating all the work on internal security. Unless it does so effectively very little can be achieved; if it properly fulfils its mandate, The EU may play a valuable role in protecting the security of its citizens.

This report covers the work of the Committee and its seven sub-committees during the 2010-12 Session, which ran from 25 May 2010 to 1 May 2012

The Treaty on the European Union stipulates that one of the key objectives of the Union is to provide citizens with a high level of safety within an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Given that the fight against terrorism is a prominent aspect of this general objective, it is remarkable that, in spite of its political relevance and decade-long history, it has only relatively recently received due attention in the academic community. Yet an analysis of the successes and failures of the EU's involvement in this field is imperative and this is a particularly pertinent moment to take stock of progress. The goal of this book is therefore to look back at the post-9/11 period and answer the question of whether, when it comes to the measures taken to combat terrorism following these attacks, the EU has lived up to the promise made in its founding treaties. In pursuing this goal, this volume presents the views of leading experts casting a critical eye over the EU's performance, recognising achievements but also being suitably critical when the realities did not match the European rhetoric. In doing this, the book makes a significant contribution not only to the scholarly investigation of European Union policies, but also to the study of counter-terrorism in general. This book was published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.

What are cyber threats? This book brings together a diverse range of multidisciplinary ideas to explore the extent of cyber threats, cyber hate and cyber terrorism. This ground-breaking text provides a comprehensive understanding of the range of activities that can be defined as cyber threats. It also shows how this activity forms in our communities and what can be done to try to prevent individuals from becoming cyber terrorists. This text will be of interest to academics, professionals and practitioners involved in building social capital; engaging with hard to reach individuals and communities; the police and criminal justice sector as well as IT professionals.

Review of the Stockholm Programme (2010-2014) and recommendations for the successor JHA programme.

The increased use of technology is necessary in order for industrial control systems to maintain and monitor industrial, infrastructural, or environmental processes. The need to secure and identify threats to the system is equally critical. Securing Critical Infrastructures and Critical Control Systems: Approaches for Threat Protection provides a full and detailed understanding of the vulnerabilities and security threats that exist within an industrial control system. This collection of research defines and analyzes the technical, procedural, and managerial responses to securing these systems.