Early Solar Physics reviews developments in solar physics, particularly the advent of solar spectroscopy and the discovery of relationships between the various layers of the solar atmosphere and between the different forms of solar activity. Topics covered include solar observations during 1843; chemical analysis of the solar atmosphere; the spectrum of a solar prominence; and the solar eclipse of December 12, 1871. Spectroscopic observations of the sun are also presented. This book is comprised of 30 chapters and begins with an overview of ideas about the sun in the mid-nineteenth century, followed by a summary of progress in astronomy between 1850 and 1900, including observations of the solar surface, sunspots, and solar flares. The founding of the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory is cited. Observations of the sun made with solar spectroscopy are presented, including those of the sun's temperature. The results of a detailed examination of spectra photographed during the solar eclipse of January 22, 1898 are also discussed. The final chapter examines the magnetic properties of the earth and sun. This monograph will be a useful resource for astronomers, astrophysicists, and those interested in discovering many aspects of the sun.

This is a follow-on book to the introductory textbook "Physics of the Solar Corona" previously published in 2004 by the same author, which provided a systematic introduction and covered mostly scientific results from the pre-2000 era. Using a similar structure as the previous book the second volume provides a seamless continuation of numerous novel research results in solar physics that emerged in the new millennium (after 2000) from the new solar missions of RHESSI, STEREO, Hinode, CORONAS, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) during the era of 2000-2018. The new solar space missions are characterized by unprecedented high-resolution imaging, time resolution, spectral capabilities, stereoscopy and tomography, which reveal the intricate dynamics of magneto-hydrodynamic processes in the solar corona down to scales of 100 km. The enormous amount of data streaming down from SDO in Terabytes per day requires advanced automated data processing methods. The book focuses exclusively on new research results after 2000, which are reviewed in a comprehensive manner, documented by over 3600 literature references, covering theory, observations, and numerical modeling of basic physical processes that are observed in high-temperature plasmas of the Sun and other astrophysical objects, such as plasma instabilities, coronal heating, magnetic reconnection processes, coronal mass ejections, plasma waves and oscillations, or particle acceleration.

The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics illustrates the significance of the Sun in understanding stars through anexamination of the discoveries and insights gained from solar physics research. Ranging from theories to modelingand from numerical simulations to instrumentation and data processing, the book provides an overview of whatwe currently understand and how the Sun can be a model for gaining further knowledge about stellar physics.Providing both updates on recent developments in solar physics and applications to stellar physics, this bookstrengthens the solar–stellar connection and summarizes what we know about the Sun for the stellar, space, andgeophysics communities. - Applies observations, theoretical understanding, modeling capabilities and physical processes first revealed by the sun to the study of stellar physics - Illustrates how studies of Proxima Solaris have led to progress in space science, stellar physics and related fields - Uses characteristics of solar phenomena as a guide for understanding the physics of stars

This volume, The Sun to the Earth-and Beyond: Panel Reports, is a compilation of the reports from five National Research Council (NRC) panels convened as part of a survey in solar and space physics for the period 2003-2013. The NRC's Space Studies Board and its Committee on Solar and Space Physics organized the study. Overall direction for the survey was provided by the Solar and Space Physics Survey Committee, whose report, The Sun to the Earth-and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, was delivered to the study sponsors in prepublication format in August 2002. The final version of that report was published in June 2003. The panel reports provide both a detailed rationale for the survey committee's recommendations and an expansive view of the numerous opportunities that exist for a robust program of exploration in solar and space physics.

A thorough introduction to solar physics based on recent spacecraft observations. The author introduces the solar corona and sets it in the context of basic plasma physics before moving on to discuss plasma instabilities and plasma heating processes. The latest results on coronal heating and radiation are presented. Spectacular phenomena such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections are described in detail, together with their potential effects on the Earth.

In 2010, NASA and the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council to assemble a committee of experts to develop an integrated national strategy that would guide agency investments in solar and space physics for the years 2013-2022. That strategy, the result of nearly 2 years of effort by the survey committee, which worked with more than 100 scientists and engineers on eight supporting study panels, is presented in the 2013 publication, Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. This booklet, designed to be accessible to a broader audience of policymakers and the interested public, summarizes the content of that report.

Solar Cell Device Physics offers a balanced, in-depth qualitative and quantitative treatment of the physical principles and operating characteristics of solar cell devices. Topics covered include photovoltaic energy conversion and solar cell materials and structures, along with homojunction solar cells. Semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunction cells and surface-barrier solar cells are also discussed. This book consists of six chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the basic physical principles and materials properties that are the foundations of photovoltaic energy conversion, with emphasis on various photovoltaic devices capable of efficiently converting solar energy into usable electrical energy. The electronic and optical properties of crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous materials with both organic and inorganic materials are considered, together with the manner in which these properties change from one material class to another and the implications of such changes for photovoltaics. Generation, recombination, and bulk transport are also discussed. The two mechanisms of photocarrier collection in solar cells, drift and diffusion, are then compared. The remaining chapters focus on specific solar cell device classes defined in terms of the interface structure employed: homojunctions, semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunctions, and surface-barrier devices. This monograph is appropriate for use as a textbook for graduate students in engineering and the sciences and for seniors in electrical engineering and applied physics, as well as a reference book for those actively involved in solar cell research and development.

This volume is the outgrowth of several international meetings to discuss a vision for the future of solar radio physics: the development of a new radio instrument. From these discussions, the concept for the Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope (FASR) was born. Most of the chapters of this book are based oninvitedtalksattheFASRScienceWorkshop,heldinGreenbank,WVinMay 2002, and a special session on Solar and Space Weather Radiophysics held at the 200th American Astronomical Society meeting held in Albuquerque, NM in June 2002. Although many of the chapters deal with topics of interest in planning for FASR, other topics in Solar and Space Weather Radiophysics, such as solar radar and interplanetary scintillation, are covered to round out the discipline. The authors have been asked to write with a tutorial approach, to make the book useful to graduate students and scientists new to radio physics. This book is more than a compilation of FASR science topics. The FASR instrument concept is so revolutionary—by extending capability by an order of magnitude in several dimensions at once (frequency coverage, spatial reso- tion,dynamicrange,timeresolution,polarizationprecision)—thatitchallenges scientiststothinkinnewways. Theauthorsofthefollowingchaptershavebeen taskednotonlywithreviewingthecurrentstateofthe?eld,butalsowithlooking to the future and imagining what is possible. Radio emission is extremely complex because it is generated so readily, and every imaginable plasma parameter affects it. This is both its great strength and its weakness.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the history of ideas about the sun and the stars, from antiquity to modern times. Two theoretical astrophysicists who have been active in the field since the early 1960s tell the story in fluent prose. About half of the book covers most of the theoretical research done from 1940 to the close of the twentieth century, a large body of work that has to date been little explored by historians. The first chapter, which outlines the period from about 3000 B.C. to 1700 A.D., shows that at every stage in history human beings have had a particular understanding of the sun and stars, and that this has continually evolved over the centuries. Next the authors systematically address the immense mass of observations astronomy accumulated from the early seventeenth century to the early twentieth. The remaining four chapters examine the history of the field from the physicists perspective, the emphasis being on theoretical work from the mid-1840s to the late 1990s--from thermodynamics to quantum mechanics, from nuclear physics and magnetohydrodynamics to the remarkable advances through to the late 1960s, and finally, to more recent theoretical work. Intended mainly for students and teachers of astronomy, this book will also be a useful reference for practicing astronomers and scientifically curious general readers.