In 1782, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova was appointed dir. of Russia's Imperial Acad. of Arts & Sci. by Catherine the Great. It was just two years after she had met with another personality of the Enlightenment -- Benjamin Franklin, founding pres. of Amer. first scientific acad., the Amer. Philosophical Soc. (APS). The essays in this vol., pub. as a companion to an exhib. of the same title & on the occasion of the Franklin Tercentenary of 2006, highlight Dashkova as an accomplished Enlightenment woman. They explore how she, like Franklin, took up the challenge of living according to the newest ideals of her age. Nominated by Franklin in 1789 to become the first female member of the APS, she in turn made him the first Amer. member of the Russian Acad.