From speeches to poems and letters, this book provides primary sources from America in the 1800s to enhance the Primary Source Readers. Activities for each primary source teach important fluency strategies while covering key historical people and events.

This resource provides grade-appropriate primary sources covering key social studies concepts related to the Community theme. The activities teach important fluency strategies and introduce important analytical skills. Make difficult primary source materials accessible to even your youngest students. Includes Resource CD.

Featuring letters, speeches, songs and poems including Waiting for the Pony Express and Grant's Memoirs, this book provides primary sources and activities to help teach important fluency strategies. While discovering historical people and events during the period of America's expansion, students make content-area connections, develop fluent and meaningful oral reading, and develop vocabulary and word decoding skills. Included with each text is a history connection, a vocabulary connection, and extension ideas. 192pp.

Three books containing a variety of reading strategies that will help increase comprehension. Some strategies include purpose questions, predicting, previewing, anticipation guides, webbing, writing before reading, etc.

Three books containing a variety of reading strategies that will help increase comprehension. Some strategies include purpose questions, predicting, previewing, anticipation guides, webbing, writing before reading, etc.

Reading fluency has been identified as a key component of proficient reading. Research has consistently demonstrated significant and substantial correlations between reading fluency and overall reading achievement. Despite the great potential for fluency to have a significant outcome on students’ reading achievement, it continues to be not well understood by teachers, school administrators and policy makers. The chapters in this volume examine reading fluency from a variety of perspectives. The initial chapter sketches the history of fluency as a literacy instruction component. Following chapters examine recent studies and approaches to reading fluency, followed by chapters that explore actual fluency instruction models and the impact of fluency instruction. Assessment of reading fluency is critical for monitoring progress and identifying students in need of intervention. Two articles on assessment, one focused on word recognition and the other on prosody, expand our understanding of fluency measurement. Finally, a study from Turkey explores the relationship of various reading competencies, including fluency, in an integrated model of reading. Our hope for this volume is that it may spark a renewed interest in research into reading fluency and fluency instruction and move toward making fluency instruction an even more integral part of all literacy instruction.