This is a major new reference work covering all aspects of finance. Coverage includes finance (financial management, security analysis, portfolio management, financial markets and instruments, insurance, real estate, options and futures, international finance) and statistical applications in finance (applications in portfolio analysis, option pricing models and financial research). The project is designed to attract both an academic and professional market. It also has an international approach to ensure its maximum appeal. The Editors' wish is that the readers will find the encyclopedia to be an invaluable resource.

This book combines academic research and practical expertise on alternative assets and trading strategies in a unique way. The asset classes that are discussed include: credit risk, cross-asset derivatives, energy, private equity, freight agreements, alternative real assets (ARA), and socially responsible investments (SRI). The coverage on trading and investment strategies are directed at portfolio insurance, especially constant proportion portfolio insurance (CPPI) and constant proportion debt obligation (CPDO) strategies, robust portfolio optimization, and hedging strategies for exotic options.

We compare the performances of the two standard portfolio insurance methods: the Option Based Portfolio Insurance (OBPI) and the Constant Proportion Portfolio Insurance (CPPI), when the volatility of the stock index is stochastic. In this framework, we provide a quite general formula for the CPPI portfolio value. We use criteria such as comparison of payoffs functions at maturity and various quantiles. We emphasize in particular the role of the insured percentage of the initial investment.

Portfolio insurance has become a craze among institutional investors: over the past ten years, the value of assets managed under this strategy has grown from zero to more than -50 billion. This guide offers complete coverage and practical advice on every aspect of the subject. It clearly defines the characteristics of portfolio insurance, providing background on its history and the theory of hedging, going on to describe how to implement a hedging strategy, how to fit portfolio insurance into long-term financial planning, using index and financial futures and options in hedging, and techniques for measuring performance. Also included is a discussion of how portfolio insurance operates in the international arena.

Portfolio insurance allows investors to recover, at maturity, a given percentage of their initial capital. This limits downside risk in falling markets and allows some participation in rising markets. Therefore, these properties prove the importance of such portfolio strategies. The two standard portfolio insurance methods are the Option Based Portfolio Insurance (OBPI) and the Constant Proportion Portfolio Insurance (CPPI).The paper analyzes and compares their performances and risk characteristics by means of various criteria such as some of their quantiles. Their dynamic hedging properties are also examined in the Black and Scholes framework. In particular, the paper shows that the insured percentage of the initial capital plays a key role. It isalso proved that OBPI is a generalized CPPI.

Scientific Essay from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, , language: English, abstract: Investments in money and capital markets involve different loss potentials that market participants should be able to manage. Below follows an overview and comparison of selected strategies to manage these risks. Portfolio insurance (PI) strategies were developed in the 1980s. They are used to hedge portfolios or individual investments against price losses. The volume of assets hedged with these strategies is significant. Different forms of individual strategies have developed over the years. Risk quantification and Value at Risk (VAR) strategies emerged around the same time. Risks of individual investments or portfolios were measured and different strategies were developed to take them into account in Value at Risk optimised portfolios (VaRoP). VaRoP is a strategy that calculates an optimal portfolio taking into account a given or permissible maximum VAR. Both strategies are intended to protect portfolios from losses in value. Their similarities and differences as well as their successes are presented and summarised in this paper. Their applicability in practice is also examined.

Dieses essential gibt einen Überblick zu aktuellen Erscheinungsformen der Portfolio Insurance sowie zur Anwendbarkeit der Constant-Proportion-Portfolio-Insurance mit vielfältigen Finanztiteln auf unterschiedlichen Geld- und Kapitalmärkten. Die empirische Untersuchung mit historischen Daten dazu umfasst einen Zeitraum von über sechs Jahren und ist in diesem Umfang ohne Vergleich. Die Darstellung und Vorgehensweise im Rahmen der Strategie erfolgt detailliert und wird mit Beispielen zur Replizierbarkeit unterstützt. Gleiches gilt für die empirischen Ergebnisse der unterschiedlichen Ergebnisse und der jeweiligen Finanztitel, die mit der Portfolio Insurance geschützt werden. Als Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass Transaktionskosten keinen wesentlichen Einfluss auf das Ergebnis der Strategien haben, negative Zinssätze jedoch den Erfolg maßgeblich negativ beeinflussen können.

The continuing creation of portfolio insurance applications as well as the mixed research evidence suggests that so far no consensus has been reached about the effectiveness of portfolio insurance. Therefore, this paper provides a performance evaluation of the stop-loss, synthetic put and constant proportion portfolio insurance techniques based on a block-bootstrap simulation. Apart from more traditional performance measures, we consider the Value-at-risk and Expected Shortfall of the strategies, which are more appropriate in an insurance context. An additional performance evaluation is given by means of the stochastic dominance framework where we account for sampling error. A sensitivity analysis is performed in order to examine the impact on performance of a change in a specific decision variable (ceteris paribus). The results indicate that a buy-and-hold strategy does not dominate the portfolio insurance strategies at any stochastic dominance order. Moreover, both for the stop-loss and synthetic put strategy a 100% floor value outperforms lower floor values. For the CPPI strategy we find that a higher CPPI multiple enhances the upward potential of the CPPI strategies, but harms the protection level in return. As regards the optimal rebalancing frequency, daily rebalancing should be preferred for the synthetic put and CPPI strategy, despite the higher transaction costs.

This four-volume handbook covers important concepts and tools used in the fields of financial econometrics, mathematics, statistics, and machine learning. Econometric methods have been applied in asset pricing, corporate finance, international finance, options and futures, risk management, and in stress testing for financial institutions. This handbook discusses a variety of econometric methods, including single equation multiple regression, simultaneous equation regression, and panel data analysis, among others. It also covers statistical distributions, such as the binomial and log normal distributions, in light of their applications to portfolio theory and asset management in addition to their use in research regarding options and futures contracts.In both theory and methodology, we need to rely upon mathematics, which includes linear algebra, geometry, differential equations, Stochastic differential equation (Ito calculus), optimization, constrained optimization, and others. These forms of mathematics have been used to derive capital market line, security market line (capital asset pricing model), option pricing model, portfolio analysis, and others.In recent times, an increased importance has been given to computer technology in financial research. Different computer languages and programming techniques are important tools for empirical research in finance. Hence, simulation, machine learning, big data, and financial payments are explored in this handbook.Led by Distinguished Professor Cheng Few Lee from Rutgers University, this multi-volume work integrates theoretical, methodological, and practical issues based on his years of academic and industry experience.