Testing and Measurement: Techniques and Applications is divided into 6 sections: Microwave, Ultrasonic and Acoustic Measurement and Application; Material Performance and Measuring and Testing Technique; Laser, Optics Fiber and Sensor; Industrial Autoimmunization and Measurement; Artificial Intelligence and Application; and Image, Signal and In

Financial risk management is a topic of primary importance in financial markets. It is important to learn how to measure and control risk, how to be primed for the opportunity of compensative return, and how to avoid useless exposure.

Hervorragender Überblick über die Verwendung von Kunststoffen in der Photonik, speziell in der Datenübertragung. Der Leser erfährt, wie die photonischen Eigenschaften von Polymeren mit ihrer Struktur zusammenhängen und wie POF für den Einsatz in optischen Netzwerken optimiert werden können. Im ersten Teil des Buches werden typische Fasern in Hinblick auf Materialklassen und Ausbreitungsmoden vorgestellt. Optische Eigenschaften wie Bandbreite und Leitungsverluste werden diskutiert, ebenso Ausbreitungscharakteristika und deren Einfluss auf die Leistungsmerkmale der Fasern. Im zweiten Teil werden unterschiedliche Methoden der Herstellungs und Charakterisierung präsentiert. Mit Bezug zu den technischen Anforderungen der optischen Kommunikation konzentriert sich das letzte Kapitel auf die Vorteile und Einsatzmöglichkeiten von polymeren optischen Fasern.

Historically, the reliability growth process has been thought of, and treated as, a reactive approach to growing reliability based on failures "discovered" during testing or, most unfortunately, once a system/product has been delivered to a customer. As a result, many reliability growth models are predicated on starting the reliability growth process at test time "zero", with some initial level of reliability (usually in the context of a time-based measure such as Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)). Time "zero" represents the start of testing, and the initial reliability of the test item is based on its inherent design. The problem with this approach, still predominant today, is that it ignores opportunities to grow reliability during the design of a system or product, i.e., opportunities to go into reliability growth testing with a higher initial inherent reliability at time zero. In addition to the traditional approaches to reliability growth during test, this book explores the activities and opportunities that can be leveraged to promote and achieve reliability growth during the design phase of the overall system life cycle. The ability to do so as part of an integrated, proactive design environment has significant implications for developing and delivering reliable items quickly, on time and within budget. This book offers new definitions of how failures can be characterized, and how those new definitions can be used to develop metrics that will quantify how effective a Design for Reliability (DFR) process is in (1) identifying failure modes and (2) mitigating their root failure causes. Reliability growth can only occur in the presence of both elements.

This Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology – the science of measurement – and the methods and techniques of Testing – determining the characteristics of a given product – as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation. The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The book integrates knowledge from basic sciences and engineering disciplines, compiled by experts from internationally known metrology and testing institutions, and academe, as well as from industry, and conformity-assessment and accreditation bodies. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as there is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards.