The book gives a review of penicillin production by Penicillium chrysogenum, and also deals with a number of general aspects of fungal cultivations, e.g. primary metabolism of filamentous fungi, morphology, monitoring of fungal cultivations, and bioreactor performance (more than 750 references).The first two chapters give an introduction to the area of penicillin production; with a review of the history and a survey of the present status of this industrially very important process in the first chapter. In the second chapter is given an introduction to the microorganism, i.e. its nutritional requirements, its taxonomy, and an overview of different strain development programmes.Chapter 3 gives an introduction to the concept of Physiological Engineering. This is followed by a review of various monitoring techniques and different theoretical techniques for analysis of cultivation processes, e.g. mathematic modeling, metabolic flux analysis, and metabolic control analysis.Chapter 4 and 5 give a review of the metabolism, with the primary metabolism being the topic of Chapter 4 and the secondary metabolism, i.e. penicillin biosynthesis, being the topic of Chapter 5. The review of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway is followed by a description of a number of results obtained using metabolic flux and metabolic control analysis.Chapter 6 is devoted to the morphology of the fungus, and it gives a detailed description of the growth mechanisms of filamentous fungi.Chapter 7 deals with the bioreactor performance during fungal cultivations, i.e. medium rheology, gas-liquid mass transfer, and mixing.Finally is the fed-batch process applied for penicillin production described in Chapter 8. It gives an overview of the most important factors influencing penicillin production.

Metabolic engineering is a rapidly evolving field that is being applied for the optimization of many different industrial processes. In this issue of Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, developments in different areas of metabolic engineering are reviewed. The contributions discuss the application of metabolic engineering in the improvement of yield and productivity - illustrated by amino acid production and the production of novel compounds - in the production of polyketides and extension of the substrate range - and in the engineering of S. cerevisiae for xylose metabolism, and the improvement of a complex biotransformation process.

This is the second edition of the text "Bioreaction Engineering Principles" by Jens Nielsen and John Villadsen, originally published in 1994 by Plenum Press (now part of Kluwer). Time runs fast in Biotechnology, and when Kluwer Plenum stopped reprinting the first edition and asked us to make a second, revised edition we happily accepted. A text on bioreactions written in the early 1990's will not reflect the enormous development of experimental as well as theoretical aspects of cellular reactions during the past decade. In the preface to the first edition we admitted to be newcomers in the field. One of us (JV) has had 10 more years of job training in biotechnology, and the younger author (IN) has now received international recognition for his work with the hottest topics of "modem" biotechnology. Furthermore we are happy to have induced Gunnar Liden, professor of chemical reaction engineering at our sister university in Lund, Sweden to join us as co-author of the second edition. His contribution, especially on the chemical engineering aspects of "real" bioreactors has been of the greatest value. Chapter 8 of the present edition is largely unchanged from the first edition. We wish to thank professor Martin Hjortso from LSU for his substantial help with this chapter.

Bioprocess Engineering: Kinetics, Sustainability, and Reactor Design, Third Edition, is a systematic and comprehensive textbook on bioprocess kinetics, molecular transformation, bioprocess systems, sustainability and reaction engineering. The book reviews the relevant fundamentals of chemical kinetics, batch and continuous reactors, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, reaction engineering and bioprocess systems engineering, introducing key principles that enable bioprocess engineers to engage in the analysis, optimization, selection of cultivation methods, design and consistent control over molecular biological and chemical transformations. The quantitative treatment of bioprocesses is the central theme in this text, however more advanced techniques and applications are also covered. - Includes biological molecules and chemical reaction basics, cell biology and genetic engineering - Describes kinetics and catalysis at molecular and cellular levels, along with the principles of fermentation - Covers advanced topics and treatise in interactive enzyme and molecular regulations, also covering solid catalysis - Explores bioprocess kinetics, mass transfer effects, reactor analysis, control and design

This first volume of the Metabolic Pathway Engineering Handbook provides an overview of metabolic pathway engineering with a look towards the future. It discusses cellular metabolism, including transport processes inside the cell and energy generating reactions, as well as rare metabolic conversions. This volume also explores balances and reaction

Christina Smolke, who recently developed a novel way to churn out large quantities of drugs from genetically modified brewer's yeast, is regarded as one of the most brilliant minds in biomedical engineering. In this handbook, she brings together pioneering scientists from dozens of disciplines to provide a complete record of accomplishment in metab

The present text is a complete revision of the 2nd edition from 2003 of the book with the same title. In recognition of the fast pace at which biotechnology is moving we have rewritten several chapters to include new scientific progress in the field from 2000 to 2010. More important we have changed the focus of the book to support its use, not only in universities, but also as a guide to design new processes and equipment in the bio-industry. A new chapter has been included on the prospects of the bio-refinery to replace many of the oil- and gas based processes for production of especially bulk chemicals. This chapter also serves to make students in Chemical Engineering and in the Bio-Sciences enthusiastic about the whole research field. As in previous editions we hope that the book can be used as textbook for classes, even at the undergraduate level, where chemical engineering students come to work side by side with students from biochemistry and microbiology. To help the chemical engineering students Chapter 1 includes a brief review of the most important parts of microbial metabolism. In our opinion this review is sufficient to understand microbial physiology at a sufficiently high level to profit from the rest of the book. Likewise the bio-students will not be overwhelmed by mathematics, but since the objective of the book is to teach quantitative process analysis and process design at a hands-on level some mathematics and model analysis is needed. We hope that the about 100 detailed examples and text notes, together with many instructive problems will be sufficient to illustrate how model analysis is used, also in Bio-reaction Engineering.

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Penicillium System Properties and Applications covers important research work on the applications of penicillium from specialists from an international perspective. The book compiles advancements and ongoing processes in the penicillium system, along with updated information on the possibilities for future developments. All chapters are derived from current peer reviewed literature as accepted by the international scientific community. These important fungi were found to secrete a range of novel enzymes and other useful proteins, and are still being extensively studied and improved for specific use in the food, textile, pulp and paper, biocellulosic ethanol production and other industries. The book caters to the needs of researchers/academicians dealing with penicillium spp. related research and applications, outlining emerging issues on recent advancements made in the area of research and its applications in bioprocess technology, chemical engineering, molecular taxonomy, biofuels/bioenergy research and alternative fuel development. In addition, the book also describes the identification of useful compound combinations/enzyme cocktails and the fermentation conditions required to obtain them at an industrial scale. Finally, the book provides updated information on the best utilization of these fungi as a natural tool to meet the next challenges of biotechnology. - Compiles the latest developments and current studies in the penicillium system - Contains chapters contributed by top researchers with global appeal - Includes current applications in bioindustry and lists future potential applications of these fungi species - Identifies future research needs for these important fungi, including the best utilization of them as a natural tool to meet the next challenges of biotechnology

Penicillins and cephalosporins have a long history in combating bacterial infections. Despite new infectious diseases and occurring resistance, beta-lactam antibiotics will for many years to come continue to play a prominent role in our therapeutic arsenal. This book covers the industrial development of the chemical and biochemical processes used to manufacture these products, as well as looking ahead to possible future processes. The interplay between synthetic organic chemistry with the understanding and application of enzymes, modeling of fermentation processes and integration through (bio-) chemical process engineering is illustrated. In-depth scientific approaches to biocatalysis and biocatalyst development including enzyme kinetics, enzyme crystal studies and semi-rational enzyme mutations are also presented. Metabolic pathway analysis and modeling of fermentation process are treated as well as molecular precision in synthetic approaches to beta-lactams, their precursors and derivatives. Process technology studies including new reactor concepts, possible short-cut routes and improved down-stream-processing methods complete a broad view on the scope and limitations of the presently developed industrial processes including an intriguing insight into future process possibilities. This book represents an excellent case study on the transformation of traditional, stoïchiometric, organic synthesis and classical fermentations into modern (bio-) catalysis and biosynthesis based on insights in metabolic pathways and enzyme actions.

A diverse team of researchers, technologists, and engineers describe, in simple and practical language, the major current and evolving technologies for improving the biocatalytic capabilities of mammalian, microbial, and plant cells. The authors present state-of-the-art techniques, proven methods, and strategies for industrial screening, cultivation, and scale-up of these cells, and describe their biotech and industrial uses. Special emphasis is given to the solving critical issues encountered during the discovery of new drugs, process development, and the manufacture of new and existing compounds. Other topics include recombinant protein expression, bioinformatics, high throughput screening, analytical tools in biotechnology, DNA shuffling, and genomics discovery.